Regular Chronology Tables

Regular Chronology — MT, LXX, and SP

This page presents the Regular (begetting-age) chronology of the three major manuscript traditions — Masoretic (MT), Septuagint (LXX), and Samaritan Pentateuch (SP) — in that order of importance. (Formerly called the “Short” chronology in earlier versions of this site). Its counterpart is the Cumulative Chronology. The full research corpus is indexed in the Knowledge Catalog.

All three tables are presented in the same normative state: the full 430 years in Egypt (1876–1446 BC) and no +60 of Terah. Because the tables sit level with one another, any variant (+60, −215, and so on) can be applied uniformly to any of them. The variants are explained in the General Note below.

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General Note for MT, LXX, and SP: the Creation Week and Adam’s Apparent Age

The seven days of Creation are counted as seven years. Each tradition therefore opens with a seven-year Creation “week,” and Adam’s chronology is anchored to Day 6 = Year 6 of that week.

Adam was created with the appearance of approximately 30 years of age, not as an infant, and then lived his textual 930 years. This principle is supported by the age at which priests enter service (Numbers 4:3), David became king (2 Samuel 5:4), and Christ began His ministry (Luke 3:23). His apparent birth therefore falls 30 years before Day 6 in each tradition:

Tradition	Creation week (BC)	Day 6 = Year 6	Apparent birth (Year 6 + 30)
MT	4121–4114	4116 BC	4146 BC
LXX	5501–5494	5496 BC	5526 BC
SP	4422–4415	4416 BC (preferred reckoning; see SP section)	4446 BC

For detailed analysis of the apparent age, see Part 5: Solomon’s Temple as Chronological Template. Variant apparent-age treatments — the 960 / 930 / 900 field — are handled in the repository’s File 55: The Third Structure — Moses-Node Primer; the Creation-week states themselves are governed by File 07: Creation — The Seed and Decimal Root.

The +60 Adjustment (Terah). All three traditions can add 60 years from Adam through Terah, based on Acts 7:4, which implies Terah died when Abraham left Haran at age 75. This would make Terah 130 (not 70) at Abraham’s birth, shifting all earlier dates back by 60 years. This flexibility appears intentional. The tradition is anciently lodged: the Samaritan Pentateuch reaches the same end by another road, reading Terah’s years as “145” so that his death lands directly on Abram’s call — while his begetting age remains 70 (see the SP section). Several repository files use the +60 comparison forms (for example, LXX Adam at 5554 BC rather than 5494 BC); the tables below use the normative no-+60 forms throughout.

The ±215 Adjustment (Sojourn). The MT states the Israelites were in Egypt 430 years (1876–1446 BC), excluding time in Canaan. The SP (and, in its own way, the LXX — a 33-year matter treated in File 04 and in the LXX notes below) reads the 430 years of Exodus 12:40 as covering Canaan and Egypt, which shortens the timeline by 215 years for all dates from Adam to the entry into Egypt (1661–1446 BC). The tables below use the 430-year form; the SP −215 landing values are given after the SP table.

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Masoretic Text — “MT”

Table state: MT, no +60 Terah, 430-year Egypt. “Years Lived,” “Begetting Age,” and “Remaining Years” for the MT from Adam to Moses are in the Detailed Table at the end of this page. Repository source: File 18: Chronological Data Tables.

(MT) Creation to the Flood

Patriarch/Event	Lifespan (BC)	Years Lived	Key Events
Creation	4121–4114	7	Seven days of Creation as years
Adam	4114–3184	930	Adam created at apparent age of 30 as if in 4146 BC.
Seth	3984–3072	912	*Cain born the year after Eve created.
Enosh	3879–2974	905
Kenan	3789–2879	910
Mahalalel	3719–2824	895
Jared	3654–2692	962	Watchers descend “in the days of Jared” (1 Enoch 6:6)
Enoch	3492–3127	365	Up at 70; 294 years to and from heaven — six jubilees, Jub. 4:21; one final year with his family, 1 Enoch 81 (3128–3127): 70 + 294 + 1 = 365
Methuselah	3427–2458	969
Lamech	3240–2463	777
Noah	3058–2108	950	See notes for Noah & Shem in LXX table concerning “2 yrs”

“120 yrs to Flood” (2578–2458) — FLOOD (2458–2457)

Post-Flood to Abraham

Patriarch/Event	Lifespan (BC)	Years Lived	Key Events
Shem	2556–1956	600
Arphaxad	2456–2018	438	Born 2 years after the Flood
Salah	2421–1988	433	LXX inserts Kainan, son of Arphaxad, begetting Salah at 130 — reinserted, dates from Arphaxad through Adam move back 130 years
Eber	2391–1927	464
Peleg	2357–2118	239	Division at Babel 2357 BC
Reu	2327–2088	239
Serug	2295–2065	230
Nahor	2265–2117	148
Terah	2236–2031	205	Born 2296 BC if he dies at Abram’s call (Acts 7) — pushing dates back 60 years through to Adam

Patriarchal Period

Patriarch/Event	Lifespan (BC)	Years Lived	Key Events
Abraham	2166–1991	175	Call of Abram (2091 BC), Covenant of Pieces (2081 BC), Covenant of Circumcision & Destruction of Sodom (2067 BC)
Sarah	2156–2029	127
Ishmael	2080–1943	137
Isaac	2066–1886	180	Wedding of Isaac (2026 BC)
Jacob	2006–1859	147	Jacob flees Esau (1929 BC); works for wives (1929–1922–1915 BC); returns to Canaan (1909 BC). See note 4.
Esau	2006–?	–	Esau marries (1966 BC)
Levi	1919–1782	137	Eleven children in seven years (1922–1915 BC) leaves Leah’s first four sons — Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah — in consecutive years; Levi, born third, thus 1919 BC. See note 4.
Judah	1918–1789	129	Death age per tradition. Born the year after Levi (note 4); from Jacob’s death, 70 years to Judah’s death and 77 to Levi’s — the 77/70 signature again
Joseph	1915–1805	110	Sold as slave (1898 BC); 7 years plenty (1885–1878 BC); 7 years famine (1878–1871 BC)
Benjamin	1906–?	–	Birth of Benjamin (1906 BC). See note 5.

Egypt to Exodus

Patriarch/Event	Lifespan (BC)	Years Lived	Key Events
Israelites in Egypt	1876–1446	430
Kohath	–	133	No begetting ages are given for Kohath or Amram (see note 1)
Amram	–	137
Aaron	1530/1529–1407/1406	123	Birth (summer 1530); Death (summer 1407). See note below.
Moses	1526–1406	120	Birth (winter 1526); Flees to Midian (1486 BC); Exodus (1446 BC); Tabernacle (1445 BC); Death (winter 1406)

Note on Aaron and Moses: the slash-pairs display births and deaths that straddle the year boundary. The precise days of death fall about two months earlier than the season labels — Aaron in midsummer 1407 BC and Moses in midwinter 1406 BC, exactly six months apart. The tables are kept clean of finer calendrical detail such as this.

Conquest (1406–1400 BC) — First Sabbath year of rest (1399 BC)

Conquest and Judges

Patriarch/Event	Lifespan (BC)	Years Lived	Key Events
Joshua — “And also וְגַם all that GENERATION died” (Judges 2:9–10)	1476–1366	110	“Generation” of 40 yrs implied (1406–1366)

United Monarchy

Reign dates here follow the conventional academic chronology. The repository’s schematic reign states are governed by File 08: The Kings — The Resolution.

Event	Dates (BC)	Years
Saul’s Reign	1050–1010	40
David’s Reign	1010–970	40
Solomon’s Reign	970–930	40 — Solomon’s Temple (966–959 BC)

Divided Kingdom to Exile

Event	Date (BC)	Notes
Fall of Samaria	722 or 721	Northern Kingdom falls
Siege of Jerusalem	701	By Sennacherib
First Babylonian Deportation	605	Including Daniel
Second Babylonian Deportation	597	Including Ezekiel
Fall of Jerusalem	586 or 587	Temple destruction

Exile and Return

Event	Date (BC)	Notes
Fall of Babylon	539	September
Decree of Cyrus; Zerub. temple	538 or 537; 537/536	Return from Babylon; temple foundation laid (Ezra 3:8–10); angelic appearances of Dan. 9–12
Rebuilding of the Temple	520–516 or 515	3.5–4.5 years
Purim	473	Time of Esther
Ezra’s return to Jerusalem	458 or 457
Nehemiah rebuilds Jerusalem’s walls	445 or 444
Hanukkah	168–165 or 167–164	“Abomination of desolation”

New Testament and Modern Times

Event	Date	Notes
Herod’s temple construction begins	20 BC
John the Baptist & Jesus born	Between 6 and 1 BC	This chronology anchors on 6 BC and 1 BC, the conception rail. See note 6
Jesus’ ministry	AD 26–30 or AD 29–33	3.5 years, ending on Passover. See File 13: Christological Matrix.
Fall of Jerusalem to Romans	AD 66–70
Bar Kochba revolt	AD 132–135	Final dispersion

Notes:

1. The MT states the Israelites were in Egypt for 430 years (1876–1446 BC), excluding time in Canaan or Haran. The LXX and SP include time in Canaan, reducing the timeline by 215 years for all dates from Adam to Israel’s entry into Egypt (1661–1446 BC). (Conversely, see the 2 Esdras article, which apparently has 215 years in Egypt, like the SP and LXX, but uses the MT for all else.)

2. All dates from Adam to Terah can be extended by 60 years due to the claim that Terah died the year Abraham left Haran and Ur (Acts 7). This would also mean Terah had his firstborn in 2226 BC and Abram 60 years after that in 2166 BC.

3. **Cain born the year after Eve was created — “be fruitful and multiply” implies his birth the next year.

4. Jacob and Levi — letting the text do its own math. Every date in Jacob’s life descends from one anchor and the ages the text itself supplies. The entry into Egypt is 1876 BC (430 years before the Exodus, Ex. 12:40–41), and Jacob was 130 that year (Gen. 47:9) — so he was born in 2006 BC. At the entry the famine had run two years with five to come (Gen. 45:6, 11), so the famine began in 1878 BC and the seven years of plenty in 1885 BC; Joseph was 30 when the plenty began (Gen. 41:46), so he was born in 1915 BC. Joseph was born at the close of Jacob’s second seven years of service (Gen. 30:25–26), placing the wedding in 1922 BC; the first seven years served for Rachel — but received as Leah — place Jacob’s flight to Haran in 1929 BC; and the stated twenty years with Laban (Gen. 31:41) place his return to Canaan in 1909 BC. Leah then bore Jacob’s first four sons in unbroken succession (Gen. 29:31–35); at the minimum interval for one mother — 280 days’ gestation plus 40 days’ purification (Lev. 12), about 320 days — Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah occupy consecutive years, and Levi, born third, dates to 1919 BC. The remaining seven sons and Dinah fall to four mothers within the years that remain, so the seven-year window is never strained. The chain then verifies itself as a scribal signature:

Span	Years
Jacob’s birth (2006 BC) → flight to Haran (1929 BC)	77
Flight (1929 BC) → death at 147 (1859 BC, Gen. 47:28)	70
Jacob’s death (1859 BC) → Levi’s death at 137 (1782 BC, Ex. 6:16)	77

The 77 + 70 + 77 palindrome (224 years) lands only if the births are dated by the text’s own minimal math. Readers rattled by eleven children in seven years sometimes stretch the period to relieve an assumed strain; the palindrome is the scribes’ answer, left waiting for whoever simply does the arithmetic. (Repository source: File 03: Entity — Joseph, which also notes that Joseph’s death to Levi’s death spans 1805 − 1782 = 23 years.)

The two deaths then align to the Exodus (1446 BC): Levi’s falls 336 years before it — a priestly year of years (24 courses × 14 days = 336; + 28 = 364) for the father of the priesthood — and Judah’s falls 343 years before it, 7 × 7 × 7, seven jubilees of 49. This alignment is itself the argument for the 129-year tradition: it is the one age that sets Judah’s death exactly a cube of sevens from the Exodus, as Levi’s stated 137 sets his at the priestly year.

5. Benjamin. The text gives only the general period; the year is inferred by parallelism. Abraham was circumcised at 99 and fathered Isaac at 100 (2066 BC); Jacob was 99 at the circumcision event at Shechem (Gen. 34) and 100 — 1906 BC — at the birth of Benjamin, his last son, by his dying Rachel. The two father-son pairs stand 160 years apart (2066 → 1906 = 4 × 40; the circumcisions 2067 → 1907 likewise). Within the roughly ±3-year window the narrative allows, 1906 BC is the logical and intended date — unspecified directly, left to inference.

6. John and Jesus — the 6 BC / 1 BC anchors. The table keeps the historical window (births between 6 and 1 BC), but the chronology anchors on its five-year rail: 1 BC, spring — the conception of Christ, carried by centuries of tradition and the basis of the modern AD datum, and 6 BC, one rail earlier, likely the conception of John the Baptist. The literal dates may fall between the rails; the anchors carry the structure. And it is the structure that opens this page: 6 BC → AD 2 forms a New-Creation week of years, 6 BC through 1 BC heading Years 1 through 6, with Year 7, the Rest, closing in AD 2. Christ is conceived at the head of Year 6 (spring, 1 BC), born December 25 of that year, and named under the covenant on January 1, AD 1 — the boundary from which the world counts its years — as Adam was created on Day 6 = Year 6. (Repository source: File 13: Christological Matrix.)

Related: Key of 23 Table — MT Chronology with Expanded Dates (ratios 25/23, 70/69, 300/299)

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Septuagint Text — “LXX”

Table state: LXX, no +60 Terah, 430-year Egypt, with 2nd Cainan. Presented level with the MT and SP tables; several repository files use the +60 comparison forms (Adam 5554 BC and family). Note that the leveled MT and LXX Creations sit exactly 1380 years apart (5494 − 4114 = 1380 = 23 × 60), and from Shelah to Terah the LXX and SP dates are identical, the 2nd Cainan being the only difference between them.

The LXX chronology is partly based on Smith Jr., H.B. (2018), “The case for the Septuagint’s chronology in Genesis 5 and 11,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism, ed. J.H. Whitmore, pp. 117–132. Smith corrected the Flood chronology based on a superior textual variant, aligning it with common sense: the 167 begetting-age variant for Methuselah in some manuscripts would have him survive the Flood by fourteen years — an impossibility, as he was not on the Ark — while the majority 187 with Lamech’s 188 leaves him dying six years before the Flood, a near miss. Smith also suggests several changes to patriarchal lifespans; however, only the variant for Arphaxad having “330” remaining years (like his son and grandson) is preferred here.

Using “182” instead of 188 places Methuselah’s death exactly in the Flood year, as in the MT. Yet the 188 variant may carry its own logic: anchored from below, it sets Lamech’s birth at 4026 BC — 2580 = 1290 + 1290 = 430 × 6 years to the Exodus, intersecting the very 430 of Egypt — and the pair is jointed at its midpoint, for 1290 years from Lamech’s birth falls the death of Shem (2736 BC), closing that age in full, and 1290 more the Exodus. A plausible target of the deliberate emendation Smith describes, and fitting for the man who named Noah concerning the curse (Gen. 5:29). And the target holds on both sides of the Kainan question: without Kainan the same reading sets Lamech’s birth at 3896 BC — 2450 = 49 × 50 to the Exodus. Either way, 188 lands Lamech on a jubilee node aimed at the deliverance; one can see why the node was worth reaching. And if that landing is the why, the Key of 23 is the how — the license. From Creation to Noah’s birth the LXX spans 1656 years (5494 → 3838), the same 1656 the MT runs from Creation to the Flood: 23 × 72, or 69 × 24. Its lawful expansions are five years of years in the two calendars: 1656 × 25/23 = 1800, five years of 360; 1656 × 70/69 = 1680, five years of 336 — the latter adding exactly one unit of 24, the very quantum by which 753 restores to 777. Likewise the MT’s Lamech is born 3240 BC — 1794 = 299 × 6 years to the Exodus — and the 300/299 expansion of that span to 1800 sets his birth back six years (3246), stretching his 182 before Noah into the LXX’s 188. The LXX pair (188, 753) is thus the MT pair (182, 777) moved by the system’s two quanta, +6 and −24 — reconciliation, priestly in spirit, performed in arithmetic. And the five-of-years signature rests on the man himself: Lamech dies five years before the Flood in the MT (2463/2458) and in the corrected LXX alike (3243/3238). Herein the 571 riddle dissolves: 182 and 777 are the originals and govern the regular chronology here, while the cumulative retains 753 as its own local figure — an overlap taken up on the Cumulative page — and (188, 565, 753) remain the lawful transform, the three shifts +6, −30, −24 agreeing among themselves. No manuscript reads 571 because no single record ever paired 182 with 753. And the Flood gears seal the mechanism from above: the LXX Flood carries the gearbox of Noah’s 600th year — Gears 3, 2, 1 at 3240, 3238, 3236 BC — and Gear 3 stands exactly 1794 = 299 × 6 from the Exodus, licensing the same 300/299 conversion to 1800. Applied, it sets the normal Gear-2 Flood back six years to 3244; Methuselah, who dies in the Flood at 969 in the corrected LXX, is then born 4213 BC and begets Lamech at 187 in 4026 BC — the very node the 188 reaches from below. One +6, traced from either end; and conversely the 1656 expands by its one unit of 24, restoring 753 to 777. When the cumulative LXX is set beside the regular, on its own page, these nodes align throughout.

(LXX) Creation to the Flood

Patriarch/Event	Lifespan (BC)	Years Lived	Begetting Age	Key Events
Creation	5501–5494	7	–	Seven days of Creation as years
Adam	5494–4564	930	230	Adam created at apparent age of 30 as if in 5526 BC.
Seth	5264–4352	912	205	Cain born +1 yr after Eve created.
Enosh	5059–4154	905	190
Kenan	4869–3959	910	170
Mahalalel	4699–3804	895	165
Jared	4534–3572	962	162
Enoch	4372–4007	365	165	Same accounting as the MT note: 70 + 294 + 1 (heaven-span 4302–4008)
Methuselah	4207–3238	969	187
Lamech	4020–3243 (753 vestige: 3267)	777 (753)	182 (see note above)	Not “188.” Originals: 182 and 777; the attested (188, 753) is their Key-of-23 transform — see the discussion above
Noah	3838–2888	950	502/500	Or, ideally, 3836–2886 due to 2-yr gap.

“120 yrs to Flood” (3358–3238) — FLOOD (3238–3237)

Post-Flood to Abraham

Patriarch/Event	Lifespan (BC)	Years Lived	Begetting Age	Key Events
Shem	3336–2736	600	100/98	Or, ideally, 3338–2738 due to 2-yr gap.
Arpachshad	3236–2771	465	135	Smith Jr. has 565. The begetting age is 100 yrs more than MT, so the correct variant is “330” remaining, not “430” — a scribal compensation for the extra 100 yrs in begetting age.
Kainan	3101–2641	460	130	Kainan not in MT or SP, but is in Luke 3 & Bk Jub.
Shelah	2971–2511	460	130	Smith Jr. wrongly chooses textual variant “403” over “330” to avoid duplicating Kainan’s numbers.
Eber	2841–2337	504	134
Peleg	2707–2368	339	130	Division at Babel 2707 BC
Reu	2577–2238	339	132
Serug	2445–2115	330	130
Nahor	2315–2107	208	79
Terah	2236–2031	205	70	Presented without the +60 of Terah, like the MT and SP tables. With +60 (Acts 7:4), Terah begets Abraham at 130 and all dates from Adam to Terah move back 60 years (Adam 5554 BC).

Patriarchal Period

Patriarch/Event	Lifespan (BC)	Years Lived	Begetting Age	Key Events
Abraham (and so forth)	2166–1991	175	100	From this point forward, all dates are the same. For the rest, see the MT chart.

Notes: For the ±215 Sojourn variant and the +60 Terah variant, see the General Note at the top of the page. The LXX’s own reading of Exodus 12:40 (“in Egypt and in Canaan,” lacking “and their fathers”) suggests Jacob left Haran for Canaan in 1876 BC and moved to Egypt 33 years later, in 1843 BC — potentially reducing dates from Adam to the entry into Egypt by 33 years. Internal numeric evidence suggests this optional adjustment should not be applied beyond Abraham. Under this 33 + 397 reading, Jacob’s return from Haran itself lands on 1876 BC — a fourth road onto the year the MT enters Egypt (see File 04: Jacob as Jubilee Standard and the LXX 33 + 397 Sojourn).

Patterns Across the Traditions

Status note: the items below mix arithmetic facts (spans that check by simple subtraction) with structural inferences and typological readings. They are presented as observed patterns, not as derivations of the dates themselves.

Accepting the lifespans as a schematic — a theological framework for the narrative — helps discern the content of the original manuscripts with high fidelity. Comparative analysis suggests the typical LXX text requires almost no variant amendments. Examples of this fractal-like framework:

• Key of 23 (‘230’ Cum.), cf. ‘2300’ Dan. 8: the LXX, MT, and SP (with the Book of Jubilees) each run 1656 years (23 × 72) to Noah’s birth, the Flood, and Noah’s death, respectively — the triple 1656 spine. The MT’s Cumulative Creation stands 23 × 430 from its Regular; and the LXX and MT Regular Creations stand 23 × 60 = 1380 apart — visible directly between the tables above — or 1440 (360 × 4) when the LXX carries Terah’s +60.
• Jared, in whose days the Watchers descended, is born 460 = 23 × 20 years from Adam (MT and SP) — the first appearance of the 460 that recurs to the Exodus and Conquest.

Further patterns are treated in their files rather than proven here: the 12600-year sum of the 26 patriarchal lifespans and its 490 × 26 Enochian equivalent (File 22); the cumulative totals from Adam’s birth and death — 11000, 11500, 12600, 12900, and the double 14000 to Christ (File 09, File 13); the 4900/4300 double Exodus with its 2450 halving (File 30); and the fuller lattice of 23-multiples at Noah, Shem, the Flood, and Jared (File 32).

Conclusion: The MT, LXX, and SP chronologies, like the four Gospels, offer a unified narrative from interconnected perspectives. Each provides unique insights while complementing the others, creating a rich tapestry of biblical time. The Books of Enoch, Jubilees, and Luke’s genealogy add a fourth, unconventional, idealized layer. Together, these traditions, with their interwoven fractal-like patterns, deepen our appreciation of biblical history and its theological significance. This entire interaction nests seamlessly within the long spans of the Sumerian King List and Berossus — see File 21: SKL Unified Protocol and File 34: The Unified Chronology — Berossus, Sumer, and the Bible — though this is beyond the current scope of study.

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Samaritan Pentateuch Text — “SP”

Table state: SP, no +60 Terah, 430-year Egypt — presented level with the MT and LXX tables. From Shelah to Terah the SP and LXX dates are identical.

Comparative analysis with the MT, LXX, and the Book of Jubilees suggests the SP integrates Genesis 7:11 (& 8:13), “in the 600th year of Noah,” and 7:6, “600 years,” for the Flood’s start, creating a one-year gap akin to the “480th year from Exodus” (1 Kings 6:1) for Solomon’s temple construction (967 or 966 BC, inclusive/exclusive). Everyone born after Enoch died in the Flood (SP).

The SP may likewise have reckoned Enoch’s 365 years as years of 364 days — in effect 364 normal years — and precisely so: his 294 years in heaven (Book of Jubilees), counted in 364-day years, come to 107,016 days, which is 293 solar years of 365.2423 days each — the true solar year. The heaven-span thus absorbs exactly one year, Enoch’s 365th, reducing his effective span to 364 and compressing the chronology by the single year needed to make 1656 years from Creation to Noah’s death. The inclusive reckoning of Noah’s “600th year” (above) reaches the same 1656 by its own road: two paths, one outcome, each confirming the other.

The Book of Jubilees states Adam’s death occurred in his 930th year rather than at 930 years of age, which is when Cain died according to Jubilees. Clearly, a fudging of one year is intended.

For simplicity, the table uses ‘normal’ reckoning. The inclusive reckoning of Noah’s “600th year” sets dates from Creation to Enoch’s birth back one year and is PREFERRED — for example, Creation 4421–4414 BC rather than 4422–4415. The repository’s SP physical Year-6 (4416 BC) and Adam endpoint (4414 BC) follow the preferred form.

On Terah’s “145.” Genesis 11:26, 32: “After Terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran.” “Terah lived 205 years, and he died in Haran” — which reads “145” in the SP. The SP records 145 instead of 205 (MT, LXX) so that Terah dies at Abraham’s call, consistent with Acts 7:4. Terah was actually 205 when he died but symbolically “145” when Abraham replaced the firstborn — see the birth of “Shem, Ham, and Japheth” (Genesis 5:32) for a similar displacement of name order; cf. Cain, Abel, and Seth. And indeed, in the table below, Terah’s symbolic 145 lands his death in 2091 BC — the very year of the Call of Abram (Abraham born 2166, called at 75). The +60 of Terah (Terah 130 at Abraham’s birth) remains possible here as in the MT and LXX; with it, all dates from Adam to Terah move back 60 years (Adam 4475 BC).

(SP) Creation to the Flood

Patriarch/Event	Lifespan (BC)	Years Lived	Begetting Age	Remaining Years	Key Events
Creation	4422–4415 (preferred: 4421–4414, and so forth to Shem)	7	–	–	Seven days of Creation as years
Adam	4415–3485	930	130	800	Created at apparent age of 30 as if in 4446 BC (preferred Year-6 4416 + 30).
Seth	4285–3373	912	105	807	Cain born +1 yr after Eve created
Enosh	4180–3275	905	90	815
Kenan	4090–3180	910	70	840
Mahalalel	4020–3125	895	65	830
Jared	3955–3108	847	62	785
Enoch	3893–3528	365	65	300	Same accounting as the MT note: 70 + 294 + 1 (heaven-span 3823–3529)
Methuselah	3828–3108	720	67	653
Lamech	3761–3108	653	53	600
Noah	3708–2758	950	500	450	See −2 knock-on effect
Flood	3108–3107	–	–	–	Began when Noah was 600 & Shem 98

“120 yrs to Flood” (3228–3108) — FLOOD (3108–3107)

Post-Flood to Abraham

Patriarch/Event	Lifespan (BC)	Years Lived	Begetting Age	Remaining Years	Key Events
Shem	3206–2606	600	100 (or 102)	500	“100 when Arphaxad born”
Arphaxad	3106–2668	438	135	303	Born 2 years after Flood
Shelah	2971–2538	433	130	303
Eber	2841–2437	404	134	270
Peleg	2707–2468	239	130	109	Division at Babel 2707 BC
Reu	2577–2338	239	132	107
Serug	2445–2215	230	130	100
Nahor	2315–2167	148	79	69
Terah	2236–2031	145 (SP) (Lit. 205)	70	75	Symbolic 145 → dies 2091 BC = Call of Abram
Abraham	2166–1991	175	100	75

Notes: 1. The MT states the Israelites were in Egypt 430 years (1876–1446 BC), excluding Canaan and Haran. The SP includes time in Canaan, reducing the timeline by 215 years for all dates from Adam to the entry into Egypt (1661–1446 BC) — see the landing values below. 2. For Terah’s +60, see the General Note and the discussion above.

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SP −215: Landing Values

The SP’s own reading of Exodus 12:40 — “Now the sojourning of the children of Israel and their fathers, who dwelt in Canaan and in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years” — shortens the timeline by 215 years for all dates from Adam through the entry into Egypt (215 years in Egypt, 1661–1446 BC). Rather than repeat the full table, subtract 215 from every date above from Adam to the entry into Egypt. The notable landings:

Event	Date (BC)	Significance
Creation week	4207–4200 (preferred: 4206–4199)	The preferred week aligns to the Conquest week 1406–1399 BC by an even 2800 years = 70 generations of 40 years
Adam	4200–3270
Noah’s death	2543
Peleg’s birth	2492	Division at Babel 2492 BC
Terah	2021–1876	Symbolic 145 → dies 1876 BC
Abraham	1951–1776	Call of Abram = 1876 BC — the year Israel enters Egypt in the MT reckoning, the chronology’s great Nexus
Entry into Egypt	1661	Start of the 215 years in Egypt (1661–1446 BC)
Moses	1526–1406	Exodus 1446 BC — identical in all states

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SOR — Seder Olam Rabbah (a Condensed Sub-Variant of the MT)

The SOR follows the MT the whole distance to Creation — its Flood-to-Abram (292) and Creation-to-Flood (1656) spans are the MT’s own. It differs in one reading only: the 430 years of Exodus 12:40 are counted from the Covenant between the Parts (Gen. 15), with the “400 years” of Genesis 15:13 running from the birth of Isaac thirty years later — leaving 210 actual years in Egypt (1656–1446 BC). It is therefore a sub-variant of the MT, not of the −215 tradition — though it shadows the −215 landing closely (210 vs 215, five years apart on the chronology’s 5-year rail). The +215 variant alone is excluded here, since it would sever the definitional 400. Note: the SOR’s entry year-label 1656 BC is distinct from the 1656-year Creation-to-Flood span, which in the SOR ends at its Flood, 2238 BC.

Node	Date (BC)	Significance
Creation week	3901–3894
Adam, Year 6	3896	2450 = 49 × 50 to the Exodus (1446 BC)
Adam, week’s end	3894	2448 to the Exodus — the rabbinic count, two years short of 49 × 50 only because the symbolic week of years was forgotten (Year 6 vs the week’s end)
Apparent-age head (Year 6 + 30)	3926	2520 = 7 × 360 to the Conquest (1406 BC) — Israel crosses the Jordan, its waters heaped at the city called “Adam” (Josh. 3:16), Canaan the new Eden from which man was once cast out
Flood	2238
Abram	1946	500 to the Exodus
Sarah	1936	490 to the Exodus — Daniel 9’s unit
Covenant between the Parts	1876	Abraham 70; 430 to the Exodus — the SOR’s clock-start, sharing its year-label with the MT’s entry into Egypt: two traditions hang the same 430 from the same year, 1876 BC, the chronology’s great Nexus
Isaac	1846	400 to the Exodus — the SOR’s definitional span; the same year-label as the MT’s bondage-start (entry 1876 + 30 years of favor)
Entry into Egypt	1656	210 years in Egypt

Abram and Sarah — the new Adam and Eve. Born 500 and 490 years before the Exodus, the pair also measures back to the first pair: from Adam and Eve’s Year 6 (3896 BC) run 1950 = 5 × 390 to Abram (390 being the 130 of the curse tripled; cf. Ezekiel 4) and 1960 = 4 × 490 to Sarah — whose birth then stands one final 490 from the Exodus. The 2450 = 49 × 50 is thus no bare figure: it factors at Sarah, the Woman of the template that runs Eve → Sarah → Mary (Rev. 12), Creation, Flood, and the Abrahamic pair holding the narrative frame together. The jubilee frame then runs to its goal: from Year 6, 40 × 49 reaches Sarah and another 40 × 49 reaches AD 25 — Christ “about 30” (Luke 3:23), the new Adam at the apparent age of the first; equivalently, from Adam’s apparent head (3926 BC) it is 80 × 49 to the conception-anchor of 6n BC (AD 25 being thirty years from conception, not birth) — the same 3920 years, the apparent 30 of Adam and the “about 30” of Christ being the two ends of one rod. And the 40 + 40 jubilees answer to the prophet raised up like Moses (Deut. 18:15), whose own 40 + 40 years — birth to Midian to Exodus — brought Israel out on Passover, 490 years after Sarah’s birth. The rod, moreover, is threefold: man fell in Year 13, seven years after his creation (Day = Year 13; so the files and the Book of Jubilees), which in this frame closes at 3888 BC — and 3888 BC runs the same 80 × 49 to AD 33, the death and resurrection. Three rods of 3920 years, each from an Adamic station to its answer in Christ: apparent Adam (3926 BC) to the conception-anchor (6n BC); man created (3896 BC) to “about 30” (AD 25n, thirty years from conception); man fallen (3888 BC) to the cross (AD 33). The eight years between AD 25 and AD 33 mirror the eight between creation and fall — no flaw, but the design, landing squarely on him who bore the curse and then entered his Sabbath rest. And the third rod carries Daniel’s own anatomy: 3920 = eight cycles of 490, seven of them — 3430 = 7 × 490 = 7 × 7 × 70 — reaching 458n BC, the historically established decree-year of Ezra’s return, which then commences the eighth cycle, breaking precisely as 483 + 3½ + 3½: AD 26n; AD 29t, the actual start of the 3½-year ministry after the template of Revelation 11 (1260 + 3½ days); and AD 33n, the cross. The extension back to the Fall is thus not forced; the decree already fixed the chain’s joints before the chain was drawn. (The 1 BC and AD 1 nodes tell their own story — 6 BC answering to the preincarnate Son of God before time, AD 1 to the incarnate Son of Man within the week’s years — not avoided here, simply reserved.)

The variants slot in without strain. The +60 of Terah is not traditionally part of the SOR, but nothing excludes it — the 400 from Isaac is untouched: Year 6 becomes 3956 BC, which is 2300 to the Entry (1656 BC; Dan. 8) and 2550 = 1260 + 1290 to the Conquest (Dan. 12; Rev. 11–12); with the apparent 30 atop it, 3986 BC is 2580 = 1290 + 1290 to the Conquest. Reinserting the 2nd Cainan (+130) into the MT alongside the SOR gives 4026 BC, a head that rungs a 430-ladder: 2150 = 5 × 430 to the Covenant/Nexus year 1876 BC, and 2580 = 6 × 430 = 1290 + 1290 to the Exodus; and the lock extends week-to-week — the +130 Creation week (4031–4024 BC) spans 2625 = 1290 + 1335 years to the Conquest week (1406–1399 BC), seven years to seven years, each six plus a year of rest. The full stack — +130 +60 +30 — then lands on 4116 BC, the normal MT’s own Adam Year 6, at 2670 = 1335 + 1335 to the Exodus (Dan. 12:12). With Cainan reinserted, the Danielic pair thus lands in all three combinations: 1290 + 1290, 1290 + 1335, 1335 + 1335. The Book of Jubilees names Cainan yet excludes him from its count of 22 patriarchs to Jacob — consistent with a remembered original placement.

In short: the symbolic week of years, Adam’s apparent 30, and Terah’s +60 are each load-bearing — Year 6 locks 49 × 50 to the Exodus, the apparent age locks 7 × 360 to the Conquest, and the +60 locks 2300 to the Entry — the SOR slotting the sojourn, Exodus, and Conquest into Creation by the very devices the plain chronology already carries.

The Flood and Cainan confirm the frame. One might suspect the Creation-to-Conquest alignments of coincidence; the Flood is the next logical place to look, and it does not disappoint. On the Flood’s Gear-1 label (2456 BC in the MT; 2236 BC in the SOR, 290 years before Abram), reinserting Cainan gives 2366 BC — 920 = 460 + 460 = 23 × 40 years to the Exodus, when the gods of Egypt were judged (Ex. 12:12), the same 460 that first appears at Jared, father of Enoch, in the days of the Watchers. Five hundred years later the death of Shem closes the antediluvian era in 1866 BC — 460 years before the Conquest of 1406 BC, when the Nephilim, the residue “after the Flood” (Gen. 6:4; Num. 13:33), were destroyed. And Cainan himself, carrying his 460-year lifespan into the frame (born 2331 BC — Arphaxad’s 35 now begetting him, his 130 begetting Shelah), dies in 1871 BC: the SOR’s Call of Abram out of Ur (Abraham at 75). Fittingly, that year sits 2160 = 6 × 360 years from 4031 BC, the head of the six years of formation in the +130 Creation week — the six days of creation closing as six years-of-years at the death of Kainan and the call of Abram, the new beginning of God’s dealings with man. The chain still closes exactly on Abraham at 1946 BC — the reinsertion costs nothing downstream.

Should a minimalist object that the SOR would allow Kainan only the MT-style 30 for begetting Shelah rather than the LXX’s 130, the objection strengthens the position: Kainan’s birth moves to 2231 BC and his death at 460 to 1771 BC — the very death-year of Abraham (1946 − 175) — while the week of formation, now headed at 3931 BC, still runs 2160 = 6 × 360 to that same year. The lock is indifferent to the begetting choice, since the week’s head and Kainan translate together; either value lands Kainan’s death on an Abrahamic terminus — the 130 on his call, the 30 on his death.

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Detailed Table: Creation to the Flood (MT)

Full “Begetting Age” and “Remaining Years” columns for the MT, Adam to Moses. Table state: MT, no +60 Terah, 430-year Egypt.

Patriarch/Event	Lifespan (BC)	Years Lived	Begetting Age	Remaining Years	Key Events
Creation	4121–4114	7	–	–	Seven days of Creation as years
Adam	4114–3184	930	130	800	Created at apparent age of 30 as if in 4146 BC.
Seth	3984–3072	912	105	807
Enosh	3879–2974	905	90	815
Kenan	3789–2879	910	70	840
Mahalalel	3719–2824	895	65	830
Jared	3654–2692	962	162	800
Enoch	3492–3127	365	65	300
Methuselah	3427–2458	969	187	782
Lamech	3240–2463	777	182	595
Noah	3058–2108	950	500	450	Flood (2458–2457 BC)

Post-Flood to Abraham

Patriarch/Event	Lifespan (BC)	Years Lived	Begetting Age	Remaining Years	Key Events
Shem	2556–1956	600	100	500
Arphaxad	2456–2018	438	35	403
Salah	2421–1988	433	30	403
Eber	2391–1927	464	34	430
Peleg	2357–2118	239	30	209	Division at Babel 2357 BC
Reu	2327–2088	239	32	207
Serug	2295–2065	230	30	200
Nahor	2265–2117	148	29	119
Terah	2236–2031	205	70	135

Patriarchal Period to Moses

Patriarch/Event	Lifespan (BC)	Years Lived	Begetting Age	Remaining Years	Key Events
Abraham	2166–1991	175	100	75	Call of Abram (2091 BC); Covenant of Pieces (2081 BC); Covenant of Circumcision & Destruction of Sodom (2067 BC)
Isaac	2066–1886	180	60	120	Wedding of Isaac (2026 BC)
Jacob	2006–1859	147	87	60	Flees Esau (1929 BC); works for wives (1929–1922–1915 BC); returns to Canaan (1909 BC)
Levi	1919–1782	137	–	–
Kohath	–	133	–	–
Amram	–	137	–	–
Aaron	1530/1529–1407/1406	123	–	–	Birth (summer 1530); Death (summer 1407) — see the Aaron/Moses note in the main MT table
Moses	1526–1406	120	–	–	Birth (winter 1526); Flees to Midian (1486 BC); Exodus (1446 BC); Tabernacle (1445 BC); Death (winter 1406)

See the main MT table for all dates after Moses.

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Related Pages

• Cumulative Chronology — MT, SP, and LXX Lifespan Charts
• Statistical Analysis of All Dates in the MT from Terah to Joshua; Jacob–Levi in SP/LXX/MT
• Harmonizing the Exodus Sojourn: the 430- and 215-Year Patterns
• Key of 23 Table — MT Chronology with Expanded Dates (25/23, 70/69, 300/299)
• Merging the Sumerian King List with Biblical Chronology: a Unified Timeline
• Knowledge Catalog — the repository’s canonical source files