Regular Chronology Tables

Regular Chronology — MT, LXX, and SP

This page presents the Regular (begetting-age) chronology of the three major manuscript traditions—Masoretic (MT), Septuagint (LXX), and Samaritan Pentateuch (SP)—in that order of importance within this study. Earlier versions of this site called it the “Short” chronology. Its counterpart is the Cumulative Chronology, which adds lifespans end-to-end. The full research corpus is indexed in the Knowledge Catalog.

Lamech source hierarchy, September 8, 2026: the main LXX chronology retains the attested LXX lifespan 753 in Genesis 5:31, judged in this study to preserve the original LXX lifespan. It pairs this with the restored begetting age 182; 571 is calculated. The combined biography, not the lifespan 753 itself, is component-wise reconstructed. Both Regular and Cumulative execution use these same components. Here Lamech lives 4020–3267 BC; the regular birth chain and main cumulative Adam–Amram coordinates remain unchanged. Applying MT 777 to the LXX is an appendix-only overlay, not the preferred original LXX lifespan.

On this page: Reading the tables · MT · LXX · Lamech and the Key of 23 · SP · SP −215 · SOR · Detailed MT table · Appendix A · Sources and related pages

Reading the tables

Wide tables scroll horizontally on smaller screens.

All three principal tables use the same comparison position: no +60 Terah, and the 430-year Egypt frame, 1876–1446 BC. This places the traditions alongside one another for comparison; it does not claim that all three manuscripts give the same wording for the sojourn. The LXX includes second Cainan; the MT and SP do not unless his insertion is explicitly stated. The SP’s one-year boundary alternatives are explained in its own section.

Dates are the repository’s reconstructions anchored to 1446 BC, not BC dates printed in the ancient manuscripts. Unless AD is written, dates are BC. A lifespan written “4020–3267” runs forward in time from the larger BC label to the smaller: 4020 − 3267 = 753. Slash-pairs identify alternative or phase-related labels, not an extra duration. Cross-epoch spans use BC + AD − 1, because there is no civil year zero.

The tables distinguish textual ages, chronological calculations, and the study’s structural or theological interpretations. Narrative inferences—such as a proposed birth year for Benjamin—are identified in the notes. The general numerical comparison is not a claim that each proposed date is explicitly stated in Scripture.

General Note: the Creation Week and Adam’s Apparent Age

The seven days of Creation are counted here as seven years. Each tradition therefore opens with a seven-year Creation “week,” with Day 6 = Year 6 distinguished from the week’s closing endpoint used in the regular begetting chain.

Adam’s apparent age of approximately 30 is the study’s interpretive premise, not an additional 30 years inserted into every patriarchal lifespan. Adam then lives his textual 930 years. The comparison draws on the age of priestly service (Numbers 4:3), David’s accession (2 Samuel 5:4), and Christ’s entry into ministry (Luke 3:23). His apparent birth lies 30 years before Year 6:

Tradition / state	Creation week (BC)	Day 6 = Year 6	Apparent birth: Year 6 + 30
MT	4121–4114	4116 BC	4146 BC
LXX	5501–5494	5496 BC	5526 BC
SP, preferred boundary	4421–4414	4416 BC	4446 BC
SP, uncompressed table display	4422–4415	4417 BC	4447 BC

The SP table below retains the uncompressed display while identifying the preferred boundary separately; the two are not silently mixed. For detailed analysis of apparent age, see Part 5: Solomon’s Temple as Chronological Template. The 960 / 930 / 900 apparent-age treatments are discussed in File 55; Creation-week states are controlled by File 07.

The +60 adjustment: Terah. Acts 7:4 places Abraham’s departure after his father’s death. In the 205-year Terah reconstruction, Abraham’s departure at 75 makes Terah 130, rather than 70, at Abraham’s birth. The +60 state therefore moves dates from Terah back through Adam 60 years earlier while leaving Abraham’s own dates fixed. The firstborn threshold and Abraham’s birth must remain distinct.

The SP reaches the death-at-call correspondence by another route: it gives Terah 145 years, so 70 + 75 = 145. The table retains that SP lifespan. Several repository files use +60 comparison forms, such as LXX Adam at 5554 rather than 5494 BC; the principal tables below use no +60 throughout. Applying +60 to the SP is a separately declared comparative state, not a reason to replace its transmitted 145 with 205.

The ±215 adjustment: sojourn. In the MT reading adopted here, Israel’s 430 years in Egypt run from 1876 to 1446 BC. The SP includes Canaan and Egypt within the 430, yielding 215 years in Egypt, 1661–1446 BC. The −215 comparison shifts the earlier biography labels while retaining the Exodus anchor. The SP −215 landing table appears below. The LXX’s separately proposed 33 + 397 family-unit interpretation is explained in its notes and File 04; it must not be confused with the 215 + 215 comparison.

Masoretic Text — MT

Table state: MT, no +60 Terah, 430-year Egypt. The Detailed MT table supplies begetting ages and remaining years from Adam to Moses. Repository source: File 18: Chronological Data Tables.

MT: Creation to the Flood

Patriarch / event	Lifespan or period (BC)	Years lived	Key events
Creation	4121–4114	7	Seven days of Creation as years.
Adam	4114–3184	930	Year-6 physical/apparent comparison: 4116 / 4146 BC; the begetting chain uses the week-close endpoint.
Seth	3984–3072	912	Cain’s birth in the year following Eve’s creation is a separate narrative inference; see note 3.
Enosh	3879–2974	905
Kenan	3789–2879	910
Mahalalel	3719–2824	895
Jared	3654–2692	962	The Watchers descend “in the days of Jared” (1 Enoch 6:6).
Enoch	3492–3127	365	Interpretive accounting: 70 + 294 + 1; the final year is 3128–3127 BC. See note 7.
Methuselah	3427–2458	969	Dies in the Flood year in this reconstruction.
Lamech	3240–2463	777	The MT lifespan remains unchanged.
Noah	3058–2108	950	The two-year Noah/Shem comparison is explained with the LXX table.

“120 years to the Flood”: 2578–2458 BC. Flood: 2458–2457 BC.

MT: Post-Flood to Abraham

Patriarch	Lifespan (BC)	Years lived	Key events
Shem	2556–1956	600	The Arphaxad-bound biography; alternate two-year bindings are distinct states.
Arphaxad	2456–2018	438	Born two years after the Flood.
Shelah	2421–1988	433	Reinserting second Cainan, begetting at 130, moves Arphaxad and the earlier chain 130 years earlier; Shelah onward remains fixed.
Eber	2391–1927	464
Peleg	2357–2118	239	Division at Babel: 2357 BC.
Reu	2327–2088	239
Serug	2295–2065	230
Nahor	2265–2117	148
Terah	2236–2031	205	In the +60 state: 2296–2091 BC, with death at Abraham’s call; earlier dates move 60 years earlier.

MT: Patriarchal Period

Patriarch	Lifespan (BC)	Years lived	Key events
Abraham	2166–1991	175	Call: 2091; Covenant between the Pieces: 2081; circumcision and destruction of Sodom: 2067. The age assigned to the Pieces covenant is a reconstruction.
Sarah	2156–2029	127
Ishmael	2080–1943	137
Isaac	2066–1886	180	Wedding: 2026.
Jacob	2006–1859	147	Flight to Haran: 1929; service for wives: 1929–1922–1915; return to Canaan: 1909. See note 4.
Esau	2006–?	—	Marriage: 1966.
Levi	1919–1782	137	Third of Leah’s first four sons in the consecutive-year reconstruction. See note 4.
Judah	1918–1789	129	Lifespan from tradition; born the year after Levi in this reconstruction.
Joseph	1915–1805	110	Sold: 1898; plenty: 1885–1878; famine: 1878–1871.
Benjamin	1906–?	—	Proposed birth year; see note 5.

MT: Egypt to Exodus

Patriarch / event	Lifespan or period (BC)	Years	Key events
Israelites in Egypt	1876–1446	430	The selected MT sojourn.
Kohath	—	133	Scripture supplies the lifespan but not the begetting age used to date his successor.
Amram	—	137	As with Kohath, the regular begetting interval is not supplied.
Aaron	1530/1529–1407/1406	123	Phase-related birth/death labels; not all cross-pair subtractions represent one lifespan.
Moses	1526–1406	120	Midian: 1486; Exodus: 1446; Tabernacle: 1445; death: 1406.

Aaron/Moses note. The ordinary birth-label branch is Aaron 1529 / Moses 1526 BC, a three-year separation. The repository also carries an autumn/spring, half-year-resolved branch with a 3.5-year offset. The slash-pairs above preserve the year-boundary display; they do not mean that every displayed pairing is an exact date interval. Aaron’s midsummer death is placed in 1407 BC and Moses’ midwinter death in 1406 BC. The whole-year tables do not settle finer calendrical details.

Conquest: 1406–1400 BC. First Sabbath year of rest: 1399 BC.

MT: Conquest and Judges

Figure / event	Lifespan (BC)	Years	Key events
Joshua	1476–1366	110	Judges 2:9–10: “And also” (וְגַם) that generation died. The study reads 1406–1366 as a 40-year generation.

United Monarchy

These are the repository’s literal/precise whole-year reign labels, not a claim that every detail is an uncontested academic date. Schematic and Rounded companion states are kept separate in File 08: The Kings—The Resolution.

Reign / event	Dates (BC)	Years
Saul	1050–1010	40
David	1010–970	40
Solomon	970–930	40; Temple construction: 966–959 BC

Divided Kingdom to Exile

Event	Date (BC)	Notes
Fall of Samaria	722 or 721	Northern Kingdom falls.
Siege of Jerusalem	701	Sennacherib’s campaign.
First Babylonian deportation	605	Daniel’s deportation in the adopted chronology.
Second Babylonian deportation	597	Ezekiel’s deportation.
Fall of Jerusalem	586 or 587	Temple destruction; 586 is the repository’s primary comparison anchor.

Exile and Return

Event	Date (BC)	Notes
Fall of Babylon	539	Year-level reference; no month-level claim is required here.
Cyrus’s decree; Zerubbabel’s Temple	538 or 537; 537/536	Return, foundation (Ezra 3:8–10), and Daniel 9–12 comparisons.
Temple rebuilding	520–516 or 515	3.5–4.5-year comparison.
Purim	473	Adopted Esther chronology.
Ezra’s return	458 or 457
Nehemiah rebuilds the walls	445 or 444
Hanukkah / desecration-to-restoration period	168–165 or 167–164	“Abomination of desolation” comparison.

New Testament

Event	Date	Notes
Herod’s Temple construction begins	20 BC
John the Baptist and Jesus born	Between 6 and 1 BC in the comparison window	The study uses 6 BC and 1 BC as structural/conception rails; see note 6.
Jesus’ ministry	AD 26–30 or AD 29–33	3.5-year comparison ending at Passover; AD 33 is the preferred Passion state. See File 13.
Jewish revolt and fall of Jerusalem	AD 66–70
Bar Kokhba revolt	AD 132–135

Notes on the MT reconstruction

1. Sojourn. The selected MT reading places 430 years in Egypt, 1876–1446 BC, excluding Canaan or Haran. The SP and the conventional LXX comparison count Canaan within the 430 and therefore use 215 years in Egypt. The 2 Esdras study considers a witness that appears to combine the shorter Egypt interval with otherwise MT-like chronology. The separate LXX 33 + 397 proposal is not a universal −215 operation.

2. Terah. Adding 60 years to the pre-Abraham chain gives Terah’s birth at 2296 BC and his firstborn threshold at 2226 BC; Abraham remains born in 2166 BC, 60 years after that firstborn threshold. Abraham’s date is not moved by this operation.

3. Cain. Cain’s birth in the year after Eve’s creation is the study’s narrative inference from the command to be fruitful and multiply; it is not an additional explicit Genesis date.

4. Jacob and Levi—letting the text supply the framework. Jacob was 130 at the entry into Egypt (Genesis 47:9); the adopted 1876 BC entry therefore gives his birth in 2006 BC. The famine had run two years, with five to come (Genesis 45:6, 11), giving famine onset in 1878 and plenty onset in 1885 BC. Joseph was 30 when the plenty began (Genesis 41:46), giving his birth in 1915 BC. His birth at the close of Jacob’s second seven years (Genesis 30:25–26) places the wedding in 1922, the flight to Haran seven years before that in 1929, and the return after twenty years with Laban (Genesis 31:41) in 1909 BC.

Leah’s first four sons follow one another in Genesis 29:31–35. In the repository’s minimum-interval birth reconstruction, a 280-day gestation comparison plus the male 40-day purification period gives about 320 days per successive birth. Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah are placed in consecutive years, making Levi’s birth 1919 and Judah’s 1918 BC. This is the declared chronological model, not a medical minimum or an assertion that Genesis specifies each birth year. The other births are distributed among the four mothers within the remaining seven-year window.

Comparison	Years
Jacob’s birth 2006 → flight 1929 BC	77
Flight 1929 → death 1859 BC	70
Jacob’s death 1859 → Levi’s death 1782 BC	77

The resulting 77 + 70 + 77 = 224 is interpreted as a scribal/chronological signature of this reconstruction. Joseph’s death to Levi’s death gives 1805 − 1782 = 23. Levi’s death then stands 1782 − 1446 = 336 years before the Exodus, a priestly service-cycle year of years: 24 × 14 = 336, with 336 + 28 = 364. Judah’s death gives 1789 − 1446 = 343 = 7³, seven jubilees of 49. The latter alignment is the study’s structural reason for retaining the traditional 129-year lifespan, not independent proof of it. See File 03: Joseph.

5. Benjamin. The narrative supplies a general period, not an explicit year. The study proposes 1906 BC through a parallel with Abraham: circumcision at 99, then Isaac’s birth at 100 (2066 BC); Jacob’s Shechem episode is placed at 99, then Benjamin’s birth at 100. The father-son pairs stand 2066 − 1906 = 160 = 4 × 40 years apart; the proposed circumcision dates 2067 and 1907 do likewise. The ±3-year narrative window and the distinction between inference and explicit age remain important.

6. John and Jesus—the 6 BC / 1 BC anchors. The chronology’s five-year rail uses spring 1 BC as its traditional conception comparison for Christ, with 6 BC one rail earlier. The suggested John-the-Baptist association is a structural reading rather than a demonstrated birth date. The literal birth dates and the schematic anchors must not be collapsed.

The New-Creation comparison runs from 6 BC to AD 2: the six BC years head Years 1–6, and Year 7 closes in AD 2. In the traditional/calendar interpretation used here, Christ is conceived in spring 1 BC, born on December 25, and named/circumcised on January 1, AD 1. This parallels Adam’s Day-6 / Year-6 creation. These are declared interpretive and traditional placements; the Gospels do not state December 25. See File 13.

7. Enoch. The 70 + 294 + 1 = 365 accounting combines the study’s reading of Jubilees 4:21 with the final-year return in 1 Enoch 81. The 294-year interval is six jubilees. It is a comparative reconstruction applied to the MT, LXX, and SP dates, not a new clause inserted into Genesis.

Septuagint Text — LXX

Table state: LXX, no +60 Terah, 430-year Egypt comparison, with second Cainan. The MT and LXX Creation endpoints here stand 5494 − 4114 = 1380 = 23 × 60 years apart. From Shelah to Terah, birth dates coincide with the SP in this frame; lifespans and death dates need not coincide.

The chronology is partly based on H. B. Smith Jr.’s 2018 study, cited under Sources, but does not adopt all of his proposed lifespan restorations. Methuselah’s selected begetting age is 187. Arphaxad retains the 330 remaining years used here, giving 135 + 330 = 465; Shelah retains 130 + 330 = 460. The Lamech ruling below is the repository’s own component-wise reconstruction, not Smith’s full-biography restoration.

Lamech: the main 182 / 753 selection

The standard transmitted LXX record is 188 + 565 = 753. 753 itself is the attested/transmitted LXX lifespan in Genesis 5:31, not a reconstructed number. This study retains it as the preferred original LXX lifespan on textual and structural grounds, especially the 69 | 529 = 598 comparison developed below. Attestation is a textual fact; the conclusion that it preserves the original LXX lifespan is this study’s judgment, not proof of the earliest Hebrew reading or a complete scribal transmission history.

The reconstruction pairs this retained 753 with restored operative begetting age 182, giving 182 + 571 = 753. The remainder 571 = 753 − 182 is calculated, not an identified manuscript reading. No surviving witness jointly attesting 182 / 753 has been identified in the reviewed sources. That qualification concerns the combined biography, not the attestation of 753, and does not establish that such a joint text could never have existed. MT retains its own 777; its use in the LXX is an appendix-only overlay.

The restored 182 is supported here by the MT/external-witness argument and the selected birth-chain structure. With Methuselah’s 187 and Noah’s 600 to the Flood:

187 + 182 + 600 = 969.

Methuselah’s 969 years therefore end in the Flood year. The 187 / 188 combination instead places his death six years before the Flood; the distinct 167 / 188 combination places it fourteen years after. These are different problems and must not be conflated.

The main Lamech biography is now 4020–3267 BC, with Noah still born in 3838 BC and the Flood still in 3238 BC:

4020 − 3838 = 182; 4020 − 3267 = 753; 3267 − 3238 = 29.

Only Lamech’s selected regular death/lifespan changes from the earlier page. The complete regular birth chain remains fixed; the cumulative chain already uses 753. The alternative 777-year LXX biography and the five-before-Flood comparison are preserved in Appendix A.

LXX: Creation to the Flood

Patriarch / event	Lifespan or period (BC)	Years lived	Begetting age	Key events
Creation	5501–5494	7	—	Seven days of Creation as years.
Adam	5494–4564	930	230	Year 6: 5496; apparent-age comparison: 5526 BC.
Seth	5264–4352	912	205	Cain/Eve inference as in MT note 3.
Enosh	5059–4154	905	190
Kenan	4869–3959	910	170
Mahalalel	4699–3804	895	165
Jared	4534–3572	962	162
Enoch	4372–4007	365	165	70 + 294 + 1; the heaven-span comparison is 4302–4008.
Methuselah	4207–3238	969	187	Death at the selected Flood boundary.
Lamech	4020–3267	753	182	Main Regular/Cumulative selection. Remainder 571 is calculated. Dies 29 years before the Flood.
Noah	3838–2888	950	502 / 500	Alternate two-year biography: 3836–2886. Distinct bindings, not an extra interval before Noah.

“120 years to the Flood”: 3358–3238 BC. Flood: 3238–3237 BC.

LXX: Post-Flood to Abraham

Patriarch	Lifespan (BC)	Years lived	Begetting age	Key events
Shem	3336–2736	600	100 / 98	Alternate biography: 3338–2738. Each matched biography retains 600 years.
Arphaxad	3236–2771	465	135	Selected 330 remaining years; Smith’s 565-year lifespan proposal is not used.
Second Cainan / Kainan	3101–2641	460	130	Absent from MT/SP; retained in the LXX and in the comparative Luke/Jubilees discussion.
Shelah	2971–2511	460	130	Selected 330 remaining years, rather than Smith’s proposed 403.
Eber	2841–2337	504	134
Peleg	2707–2368	339	130	Division at Babel: 2707.
Reu	2577–2238	339	132
Serug	2445–2115	330	130
Nahor	2315–2107	208	79
Terah	2236–2031	205	70	+60 comparison: 2296–2091, begetting Abraham at 130; Abraham remains fixed.

LXX: Patriarchal Period and Sojourn

Patriarch	Lifespan (BC)	Years lived	Begetting age	Key events
Abraham	2166–1991	175	100	From here the principal comparison follows the MT table.

For ±215 and +60, see the General Note. The repository’s particular reading of LXX Exodus 12:40—Egypt and Canaan, without the SP phrase “and their fathers”—opens a separate 33 + 397 family-unit comparison: Jacob’s return from Haran is placed at 1876 BC, entry into Egypt 33 years later at 1843 BC, and the Exodus remains 1446 BC. This is a localized interpretive branch, not a license to subtract 33 indiscriminately from every earlier date. File 04 controls the application and its Abrahamic boundary.

Lamech and the Key of 23: why retain 753?

Primary structural rationale: the 69 | 529 = 598 family. Lamech’s main LXX death at 3267 BC divides a declared cross-Gear Shem interval:

Segment	Years	Key structure
Shem birth 3336 → Lamech death 3267 BC	69	3 × 23
Lamech death 3267 → alternate Shem death 2738 BC	529	23²
Complete cross-Gear field: 3336 → 2738 BC	598	69 + 529 = 2 × 299

The endpoints come from two Shem biographies: 3336–2736 and 3338–2738 BC. Each is 600 years. Their cross-Gear 598-year interval is a comparison, not a shortened textual lifespan for Shem.

The three ordinary Key ratios are visible together:

69 × 70/69 = 70; 69 × 25/23 = 75; 529 × 25/23 = 575; 598 × 300/299 = 600.

The MT supplies the related ingredients in its own Enoch–Noah/Flood field:

3127 − 3058 = 69 — Enoch’s ascension/end of life to Noah’s standard birth.

3056 − 2458 = 598 — alternate Noah birth to the standard Flood, completed to 600 by 300/299.

These MT intervals are separately located. The scalar identity 598 = 69 + 529 does not invent an intervening MT event. The proposal is that a common Key grammar visible in the MT field is concentrated in the LXX Lamech–Shem field. This is the chief structural reason for retaining 753, not independent manuscript evidence for the combined 182 / 753 selection.

Supporting lifespan relations. MT Lamech retains 777; the LXX uses 753; the SP uses 653:

777 − 753 = 24; 753 − 653 = 100.

The same 24 is the gain in 1656 × 70/69 = 1680 = 5 × 336. The 1656 is Creation-to-Flood in the MT and Creation-to-Noah-birth in this LXX. Its other expansion, 1656 × 25/23 = 1800 = 5 × 360, discloses the companion five-years-of-years form. The conversion acts on 1656—not directly on 753. The LXX–SP century difference supports the shared numerical grammar without proving which textual tradition historically derived from which.

Supporting six-year comparisons. Holding the later endpoint fixed, each of the following spans expands from 1794 = 299 × 6 to 1800 = 300 × 6:

Comparison	Unexpanded span (BC)	Generated earlier endpoint
MT Lamech → Exodus	3240 → 1446	3246 BC
LXX Lamech, Cainan included, no +60 → Terah’s firstborn in the +60 state	4020 → 2226	4026 BC
LXX Lamech, Cainan omitted, +60 active → Sarah	3950 → 2156	3956 BC

The firstborn route deliberately compares two Terah settings; the Sarah route uses 3950 = 4020 − 130 + 60. They are different placements of the same span mechanism, not automatically independent witnesses.

The generated +6 endpoints reach the principal Exodus and Entry anchors:

3246 − 1446 = 1800 = 5 × 360.

4026 − 1876 = 2150 = 5 × 430; 4026 − 1446 = 2580 = 6 × 430 = 1290 + 1290.

The generated 4026 BC head also places Shem’s standard death at 2736 BC exactly between it and the Exodus: 4026 → 2736 → 1446 BC = 1290 + 1290. This uses the standard 3336–2736 Shem biography, not the cross-Gear 598-year comparison above.

The LXX–MT Lamech-birth gap remains 4020 − 3240 = 4026 − 3246 = 780 = 390 + 390. Omitting Cainan from the generated LXX state gives 4026 − 130 = 3896, leaving 3896 − 3246 = 650 = 5 × 130 and 3896 − 1446 = 2450 = 5 × 490 = 50 × 49.

How a comparison value might have entered transmission as 188

The proposed explanation is that a six-year Key-generated comparison was preserved alongside the underlying 182, then came to be read as part of the begetting figure itself:

182 + 6 = 188; 4020 − 182 = 4026 − 188 = 3838.

The two routes reach the same Noah birth, but 182 and 188 are not synonyms. The equality uses different Lamech birth labels. A marginal calculation, a parallel numerical register, and later conflation are possible transmission mechanisms; none is established by a surviving chain of manuscripts.

The nearby 69 → 75 is another source of a six-year gain, but transferring that gain to Lamech is not literal expansion of the same Shem interval. With Shem’s birth fixed at 3336 BC, expanding 69 to 75 would place Lamech’s death at 3261, not 3273. Shifting the entire 753-year biography to 4026–3273 is a separate gain-transfer comparison.

There is also a necessary limit: with Noah fixed and all other begetting intervals unchanged, using 188 shifts the earlier chain by six years and changes Creation-to-Noah from 1656 to 1662. It is therefore not an operative variant in the main table.

The hypothesis offers a possible reason for the numerical anomaly without claiming a demonstrated scribal procedure, historical MT priority, or joint manuscript attestation. Shared inherited grammar and the author’s providential interpretation remain distinct from the arithmetic itself. The cumulative explanation shows what the retained 753 does in the lifespan chain.

Patterns Across the Traditions

The following combine checked arithmetic with the study’s structural and theological reading; they are not alternative derivations of every date.

The Triple-1656 spine assigns the same number to different endpoints: LXX Creation → Noah’s birth; MT Creation → Flood; SP Creation → Noah’s death in the declared boundary-completed state. The raw uncompressed SP table instead gives 4415 − 2758 = 1657; the one-year completion must be stated, not hidden. The Book of Jubilees supplies a comparative witness to SP-style boundary handling, not a fourth identical date table.

Jared, in whose days the Watchers descend, is born 460 = 23 × 20 years after Adam in MT/SP. The MT cumulative-to-regular Creation bridge is 9890 = 23 × 430 when corresponding Year-6 coordinates are used. LXX and MT regular Creation endpoints differ by 1380 = 23 × 60, or 1440 when the LXX alone carries Terah’s +60.

The larger cumulative families—12600, the 26 × 490 Enochian comparison, 11000 / 11500 / 12900, and the doubled 14000 to Christ—are treated in File 22, File 09, and File 13. The 4900 / 4300 double-Exodus field is treated in File 30; the further 23-lattice comparisons in File 32.

The study reads MT, LXX, and SP as complementary witnesses, comparable in this respect to the multiple perspectives of the Gospels. Enoch, Jubilees, and Luke’s genealogy add related idealized and theological layers. Their interaction with the much larger Sumerian and Berossian scales is developed in File 21, File 34, and the Berossus/Kings comparison, beyond the present tables.

Samaritan Pentateuch Text — SP

Table state: SP, no +60 Terah, 430-year Egypt comparison. From Shelah to Terah its birth dates coincide with LXX in this frame, although the lifespan/death columns differ.

The SP comparison brings together Noah’s “600th year” (Genesis 7:11; 8:13) and “600 years” (Genesis 7:6). The repository distinguishes inclusive and completed-year handling, as it does with the Temple’s “480th year” (1 Kings 6:1). Jared, Methuselah, and Lamech die in the SP Flood year; Noah and his sons survive. This triad, rather than everyone born after Enoch, is the relevant alignment.

The Enochian comparison offers a second route to a one-year contraction: 294 × 364 = 107016 days, approximately 293 solar years at the stated 365.2423-day reference. The equality is approximate at that rounded solar value, not an exact claim about an unchanging physical year. The study reads this as the six-jubilee heaven-span absorbing a year, giving an effective 364-year Enochian comparison alongside the textual 365. The displayed biography below remains 365; the comparison is not silently substituted into the table.

The inclusive Noah boundary and the Enochian compression are separate routes to the completed 1656 relation. Jubilees’ distinction between Adam’s 930th year and a completed 930 years provides a further example of the importance of ordinal/cardinal reckoning.

For continuity, the main table retains the uncompressed 4422–4415 BC Creation display. The preferred Creation wrapper is 4421–4414 BC, one year later in BC labels, with Year 6 at 4416. The SP controls determine how its local inclusive state attaches to the Noah/Shem/Flood boundaries; it is not an instruction to subtract one year blindly from every birth and death. See File 18.

Terah’s 145. The SP reads 145 rather than MT/LXX 205. With begetting at 70, the SP death lands at Abraham’s call: 2236 − 145 = 2091 BC. The main row below follows that value. The MT/LXX-style 205-year comparison would end at 2031 and is not the same SP biography. The study’s symbolic firstborn-displacement interpretation remains possible alongside the transmitted reading; it must not obscure which number the table actually uses.

SP: Creation to the Flood

Patriarch / event	Lifespan or period (BC)	Years lived	Begetting age	Remaining years	Key events
Creation	4422–4415	7	—	—	Uncompressed display; preferred wrapper: 4421–4414.
Adam	4415–3485	930	130	800	Preferred Year-6/apparent pair: 4416 / 4446; uncompressed pair: 4417 / 4447.
Seth	4285–3373	912	105	807	Cain/Eve inference as in MT note 3.
Enosh	4180–3275	905	90	815
Kenan	4090–3180	910	70	840
Mahalalel	4020–3125	895	65	830
Jared	3955–3108	847	62	785	Death at the Flood.
Enoch	3893–3528	365	65	300	70 + 294 + 1 comparison; heaven-span 3823–3529.
Methuselah	3828–3108	720	67	653	Death at the Flood.
Lamech	3761–3108	653	53	600	Death at the Flood; 100 fewer years than the selected LXX lifespan of 753.
Noah	3708–2758	950	500	450	The collective sons threshold is 500; the displayed Noah-to-Shem birth interval is 502. See binding note below.
Flood	3108–3107	—	—	—	Noah 600; Shem 98 in the displayed binding.

“120 years to the Flood”: 3228–3108 BC.

SP: Post-Flood to Abraham

Patriarch	Lifespan (BC)	Years lived	Begetting age	Remaining years	Key events
Shem	3206–2606	600	100	500	Arphaxad-bound row. The 102 comparison belongs to a separately declared binding.
Arphaxad	3106–2668	438	135	303	Born two years after the displayed Flood.
Shelah	2971–2538	433	130	303
Eber	2841–2437	404	134	270
Peleg	2707–2468	239	130	109	Division at Babel: 2707.
Reu	2577–2338	239	132	107
Serug	2445–2215	230	130	100
Nahor	2315–2167	148	79	69
Terah	2236–2091	145	70	75	SP death at Abraham’s call. The separate 205-year MT/LXX comparison ends at 2031.
Abraham	2166–1991	175	100	75

Noah/Shem binding note. Genesis’ collective 500-year sons threshold is not automatically the elapsed interval between every named son’s displayed birth and Noah’s birth. Here 3708 − 3206 = 502, while 3206 − 3106 = 100. The two-year variants are retained as distinct bindings; they do not change Noah’s 950 or Shem’s 600 by fiat. The same distinction applies to the 500-year label in the Detailed MT table.

For the SP’s native sojourn comparison, subtract 215 from the earlier biography labels while holding the Exodus fixed. The following landings make the difference explicit.

SP −215: Landing Values

The SP includes the fathers’ sojourn in Canaan and Egypt within the 430 years (Exodus 12:40). In this reconstruction, 215 years lie in Egypt, 1661–1446 BC. The key landings are:

Event	Date or lifespan (BC)	Significance
Creation week	4207–4200; preferred: 4206–4199	Preferred wrapper → Conquest/rest wrapper 1406–1399 gives 2800 years, 70 × 40.
Adam	4200–3270	Uncompressed table display.
Noah’s death	2543
Peleg’s birth	2492	Division at Babel.
Terah	2021–1876	SP 145-year lifespan; death at the call.
Abraham	1951–1776	Call: 1876—the MT’s Egypt-entry year, the repository’s shared Nexus label.
Entry into Egypt	1661	215 years before the Exodus.
Moses	1526–1406	Exodus remains 1446.

SOR — Seder Olam Rabbah: a Condensed MT Sub-Variant

The SOR comparison follows the MT’s 1656 Creation-to-Flood and 292 Flood-to-Abraham intervals. In this pre-Exodus comparison its distinctive clock-start is the Covenant between the Pieces: the 430 begins there, while the 400 of Genesis 15:13 begins with Isaac thirty years later. This leaves 210 years in Egypt, 1656–1446 BC.

The SOR is therefore treated as a condensed MT sub-variant, not as the SP’s −215 state. It shadows that state by five years at the Egypt interval, 210 versus 215. The +215 option would sever the defining 400 from Isaac. The SOR entry date 1656 BC is distinct from the duration 1656 years, which ends at its Flood in 2238 BC. The BC labels below are the repository’s Exodus-anchored SOR comparison, not a claim that the entire later SOR chronology is identical to MT.

Node	Date (BC)	Significance
Creation week	3901–3894
Adam, Year 6	3896	2450 = 49 × 50 to the Exodus.
Adam, week’s end	3894	2448 to the Exodus; the two-year difference is the Year-6 versus week-close distinction in this model.
Apparent-age head	3926	2520 = 7 × 360 to the Conquest; comparison with the Jordan waters at “Adam” (Joshua 3:16).
Flood	2238
Abram	1946	500 to the Exodus.
Sarah	1936	490 to the Exodus.
Covenant between the Pieces	1876	Abraham 70 in the SOR reconstruction; 430 to the Exodus. Same year-label as MT entry, different event.
Isaac	1846	400 to the Exodus.
Entry into Egypt	1656	210 years in Egypt.

Abram and Sarah as a new Adam and Eve

From the Year-6 Adam coordinate, 3896 − 1946 = 1950 = 5 × 390 to Abram and 3896 − 1936 = 1960 = 4 × 490 to Sarah. Sarah then stands a final 490 before the Exodus. The 390 echoes the tripled 130 and Ezekiel 4; the Woman pattern links Eve, Sarah, and Mary in the study’s Revelation 12 interpretation.

The Jubilee frame continues: 40 × 49 to Sarah and another 40 × 49 to AD 25, Christ “about thirty.” Equivalently, the apparent head 3926 BC to the 6 BC conception rail is 3920 = 80 × 49. The apparent 30 of Adam and the “about thirty” of Christ occupy corresponding positions.

The 40 + 40 jubilees are compared with Moses’ own 40 + 40 years—birth to Midian to Exodus—and the prophet like Moses (Deuteronomy 18:15). The Fall comparison supplies a third rod: the Year-13/closing-boundary label 3888 BC to AD 33 is also 3920 years. Distinguishing a numbered year from its closing boundary accounts for the displayed eight-year separation between 3896 and 3888; it is not a new eight-year statement in Genesis.

Adamic station	Christological comparison	Elapsed years
Apparent Adam: 3926 BC	Conception rail: 6 BC	3920
Year 6: 3896 BC	“About thirty”: AD 25	3920
Fall boundary: 3888 BC	Passion: AD 33	3920

The third rod carries a Danielic anatomy: 3920 = 8 × 490. Seven cycles, 3430, run from 3888 to 458 BC, the decree-year adopted for Ezra’s return. The final 490 divides as 483 + 3½ + 3½, with displayed joints at AD 26n, AD 29t, and AD 33n. The last half-week is compared with the ministry and Revelation 11. These are the repository’s prophetic/phase placements, not a demonstration that all historical date questions have been settled. The separate 1 BC and AD 1 theological nodes remain distinct from this rail.

SOR variants and the Cainan continuation

Terah’s +60 is not traditionally part of the SOR but can be tested as a repository comparison without changing the 400 from Isaac. Year 6 then becomes 3956 BC, giving 2300 to Entry in 1656 and 2550 = 1260 + 1290 to Conquest in 1406. Adding apparent age gives 3986 BC, 2580 before Conquest.

Reinserting Cainan’s regular 130 gives Year 6 at 4026 BC: 2150 = 5 × 430 to the Covenant/Nexus label 1876, and 2580 = 6 × 430 to the Exodus. The +130 Creation week 4031–4024 BC stands 2625 = 1290 + 1335 before the Conquest/rest week 1406–1399 BC, component by component.

The full stack +130 + 60 + 30 reaches 4116 BC, also the ordinary MT Year-6 label, at 2670 = 1335 + 1335 before Exodus. This supplies the Danielic comparison set 1290 + 1290, 1290 + 1335, and 1335 + 1335. Jubilees’ retention of Cainan alongside its 22-fold genealogy is discussed as a related witness, not proof of a single transmission history.

The Flood continues the same framework. The Gear-1 labels are 2456 BC in the MT and 2236 BC in this SOR comparison. Reinserting Cainan gives 2366 BC, 920 = 460 + 460 = 23 × 40 before the Exodus and the judgment of Egypt’s gods (Exodus 12:12). Five hundred years later, 1866 BC marks Shem’s death in the corresponding binding, 460 before Conquest. The study relates this to the post-Flood Nephilim theme (Genesis 6:4; Numbers 13:33).

Cainan’s birth at 2331 BC and his 460-year lifespan give death in 1871 BC, the SOR call of Abram at 75. The Creation-week head 4031 BC stands 2160 = 6 × 360 before that same endpoint. Abraham remains born at 1946: the Cainan insertion changes the earlier chain, not the downstream anchor.

A minimalist comparison gives Cainan 30, rather than 130, before Shelah. Cainan’s birth then becomes 2231 BC, death 1771 BC, which is Abraham’s own death (1946 − 175). The corresponding week head 3931 BC remains 2160 before that death. The numerical relation survives because Cainan and the Creation head move together; the 130 case lands on Abraham’s call, the 30 case on his death.

Detailed MT Table: Adam to Moses

State: MT, no +60 Terah, 430-year Egypt. These are the same dates as the main MT tables, with the begetting/remaining-year partition shown. Jacob’s 87 is the inferred interval to Levi in the adopted birth reconstruction; Kohath and Amram remain unspecified in the regular birth chain.

Detailed MT: Creation to the Flood

Patriarch / event	Lifespan or period (BC)	Years lived	Begetting age	Remaining years	Key events
Creation	4121–4114	7	—	—	Seven days as years.
Adam	4114–3184	930	130	800	Apparent Year-6 comparison: 4146 BC.
Seth	3984–3072	912	105	807
Enosh	3879–2974	905	90	815
Kenan	3789–2879	910	70	840
Mahalalel	3719–2824	895	65	830
Jared	3654–2692	962	162	800
Enoch	3492–3127	365	65	300
Methuselah	3427–2458	969	187	782
Lamech	3240–2463	777	182	595	MT reading unchanged.
Noah	3058–2108	950	500	450	Collective sons threshold; the selected Noah/Shem birth labels are 502 apart. Flood: 2458–2457.

Detailed MT: Post-Flood to Abraham

Patriarch	Lifespan (BC)	Years lived	Begetting age	Remaining years	Key events
Shem	2556–1956	600	100	500
Arphaxad	2456–2018	438	35	403
Shelah	2421–1988	433	30	403
Eber	2391–1927	464	34	430
Peleg	2357–2118	239	30	209	Division at Babel: 2357.
Reu	2327–2088	239	32	207
Serug	2295–2065	230	30	200
Nahor	2265–2117	148	29	119
Terah	2236–2031	205	70	135

Detailed MT: Patriarchal Period to Moses

Patriarch	Lifespan (BC)	Years lived	Begetting age	Remaining years	Key events
Abraham	2166–1991	175	100	75	Call 2091; Pieces covenant 2081; circumcision/Sodom 2067.
Isaac	2066–1886	180	60	120	Wedding 2026.
Jacob	2006–1859	147	87, inferred to Levi	60, calculated	Haran 1929; wives 1929–1922–1915; return 1909.
Levi	1919–1782	137	—	—
Kohath	—	133	—	—
Amram	—	137	—	—
Aaron	1530/1529–1407/1406	123	—	—	Phase labels; see the main Aaron/Moses note.
Moses	1526–1406	120	—	—	Midian 1486; Exodus 1446; Tabernacle 1445; death 1406.

For dates after Moses, see the main MT table.

Appendix A — The LXX 777 Comparison and Subsidiary Alignments

Appendix status. These comparisons preserve material formerly mixed into the main LXX discussion. They do not alter the adopted 182 / 753 chronology. MT’s own 777 is not appendix-only; the restriction concerns the alternative LXX use of 777 and its dependent examples.

A.1 Three records that must remain distinct

Record / reconstruction	Begetting age	Remaining years	Lifespan
MT record; Smith’s proposed original LXX restoration	182	595	777
Standard transmitted LXX form	188	565	753
Main LXX reconstruction adopted here	182	571, calculated	753

Smith’s proposal restores the complete 182 / 595 / 777 record; it is not an attestation of 182 / 753. His discussion reports that 182 is absent from the surviving LXX witnesses he surveys, and draws on MT and external testimony. This page does not claim a new manuscript collation.

The alternative 777-year LXX biography is 4020–3243 BC, five years before the 3238 BC Flood. In the −215 minimum frame it is 3805–3028, five before 3023. These former regular-table values are retained here for comparison only. The main LXX 753 biography ends 29 years before its Flood. MT independently retains 3240–2463, five before 2458.

The cumulative 777 overlay is a different construction: it shares Noah’s fixed cumulative endpoint and extends Lamech’s block 24 years earlier, without shifting the chain above it. Its complete treatment is in the cumulative appendix.

A.2 The two Key gains and the transmitted triad

(182, 595, 777) + (6, −30, −24) = (188, 565, 753).

The gain in 1794 × 300/299 = 1800 is 6; the gain in 1656 × 70/69 = 1680 is 24. Those magnitudes reproduce the triad differences, with 6 − 30 = −24. Assigning gains from two different spans, with these signs, to one biography is the proposed crossover hypothesis—not a demonstrated textual transformation. A +24 span expansion does not automatically cause a −24 lifespan reduction.

A.3 Equal 782 arms and the 874 co-shift

4020 − 3238 = 3238 − 2456 = 782 = 23 × 34.

Thus the LXX Lamech birth and MT Arphaxad birth flank the LXX Flood in this declared comparison. The full span is 1564 = 23 × 68. The MT 2456 label here is Arphaxad’s birth, two years after the standard Flood, not a silent substitution of a different Flood Gear.

The MT Creation-to-Flood span expands from 1656 to 1680 with the Flood fixed at 2458, giving a comparison head 4138 BC. Co-shifting Lamech’s birth by the same 24 gives 3264 BC:

4138 − 3264 = 4114 − 3240 = 874 = 23 × 38.

This preserves the Creation-to-Lamech interval. The coordinate co-shift and the 777 → 753 lifespan contraction are related uses of 24, not one automatically producing the other.

A.4 Separation and overlap

With the appendix LXX 777 biography and the MT biography, the ordered points are:

4020 → 3243 → 3240 → 2463 BC, with intervals 777 | 3 | 777.

If the whole MT biography, including its death, is shifted six years earlier to 3246–2469, its union with the unshifted LXX comparison becomes:

4020 → 3246 → 3243 → 2469 BC, with intervals 774 | 3 | 774.

Moving the MT death with the birth is an extra declared choice; the birth-to-Exodus expansion alone does not prescribe it. The longer 774 + 3 + 3 + 771 + 6 = 1557 path to 2463 is arithmetically valid but is not itself a palindrome.

A.5 The former Flood-Gear route from above

The LXX Flood comparison includes 3240 / 3238 / 3236 BC. The exact 299 × 6 → 300 × 6 expansion to the Exodus applies to the 3240 endpoint and gives 3246. Transferring its six-year gain to the 3238 endpoint instead gives a generated 3244 comparison; it is not that same direct anchored expansion.

On that separately shifted comparison, 3244 + 969 = 4213 and 4213 − 187 = 4026 reproduce the generated Lamech head. The intervening Noah birth is then 3844, not the fixed main 3838. This from-above shift and the from-below 188 comparison can share 4026 while differing elsewhere. They must not be merged into one unchanged chronology.

Sources and Related Pages

Controlling reconstruction: File 18: Chronological Data Tables, especially §4A.1 and Appendix B, with the September 8, 2026 source-hierarchy clarification registered in the Current State Vocabulary Register, §D.43, and the Current Restart Capsule, §10.30. The two webpage tables are presentation layers. The clarification distinguishes attested 753, restored 182, calculated 571, and the component-wise combination without changing the numerical settlement.

External study: Smith Jr., H. B. (2018), “The case for the Septuagint’s chronology in Genesis 5 and 11,” in J. H. Whitmore (ed.), Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism, pp. 117–132, especially Tables 3–4 and the Lamech discussion. Smith’s proposed restorations and the selections adopted on this page are not identical.

Primary textual references: Genesis 5 and 11; Exodus 6:16–20 and 12:40–41; Acts 7:4; Jubilees 4; 1 Enoch 6 and 81. For the transmitted Greek Lamech triad, compare Genesis 5:28–31 in the New English Translation of the Septuagint. No new exhaustive manuscript survey is claimed.

Revision note: main LXX Lamech standardized to 182 / 753; 777-dependent LXX material moved to the appendix; SP Terah’s displayed death aligned with its stated 145-year lifespan; boundary and inference labels clarified. Other chronology options retain their declared scope.