Regular (‘Short’) Chronology Tables

Dates for the LXX and SP (and SP-215 yrs) appear after the MT table.

Numeric patterns showing compatibility between these texts and their ‘Cumulative-Lifespan‘ counterparts precede the LXX table.

Masoretic Text-“MT”

“Years Lived,” Begetting Age,” and “Remaining Years” for the MT from Adam to Moses are at the end of this page.

(MT) Creation to the Flood
Patriarch/EventLifespan (BC)Years LivedKey Events
Creation4121 – 41147Seven days of Creation as years
Adam4114 – 3184930
Seth3984 – 3072912
Enosh3879 – 2974905
Kenan3789 – 2879910
Mahalalel3719 – 2824895
Jared3654 – 2692962
Enoch3492 – 3127365
Methuselah3427 – 2458969
Lamech3240 – 2463777
Noah3058 – 2108950See below note
“120 yrs to Flood”(2578-2458)
FLOOD (2458 – 2457)
Post-Flood to Abraham
Shem2556 – 1956600See notes for Noah & Shem in LXX table concerning “2-yrs”
Arphaxad2456 – 2018438
Salah2421 – 1988433
Eber2391 – 1927464
Peleg2357 – 2118239Tower of Babel (2357 BC)
Reu2327 – 2088239
Serug2295 – 2065230
Nahor2265 – 2117148
Terah2236 – 2031205
Patriarchal Period
Abraham2166 – 1991175Call of Abram (2091 BC),
Covenant of Pieces (2081 BC),
Covenant of Circumcision &
Destruction of Sodom (2067 BC)
Sarah2156 – 2029127
Ishmael2080 – 1943137
Isaac2066 – 1886180Wedding of Isaac (2026 BC)
Jacob2006 – 1859147Jacob flees Esau (1929 BC)
Jacob works for wives (1929-1922-1915 BC)
Jacob returns to Canaan (1909 BC)
Esau2006 – ?Esau marries (1966 BC)
Levi1919 – 1782137
Judah1918 – 1789129Death year per tradition
Joseph1915 – 1805110Joseph sold as slave (1898 BC)
7 years plenty (1885-1878 BC)
7 years famine (1878-1871 BC)
Benjamin1906 – ?Birth of Benjamin (likely 1906 BC)
Egypt to Exodus
Israelites in Egypt1876 – 1446430
Kohath133
Amram137
Aaron1529 – 1406123Birth (summer of 1530 exact)
Death (summer of 1407)
Moses1526 – 1406120Birth (winter of 1526 exact)
Flees to Midian (1486 BC)
Exodus (1446 BC)
Tabernacle (1445 BC)
Death (winter of 1406)
Conquest (1406-1400 BC)
First Sabbath year of rest (1399 BC)
Conquest and Judges
Joshua, “And also וְגַם
all that GENERATION died” (Judges 2:9-10)
1476 – 1366110“Generation” of 40-yrs implied (1406-1366)
United Monarchy
Saul’s Reign1050 – 101040
David’s Reign1010 – 97040
Solomon’s Reign970 – 93040Solomon’s Temple (966-959 BC)
Divided Kingdom to Exile
Fall of Samaria722 or 721Northern Kingdom falls
Siege of Jerusalem701By Sennacherib
First Babylonian Deportation605Including Daniel
Second Babylonian Deportation597Including Ezekiel
Fall of Jerusalem586 or 587Temple destruction
Exile and Return
Fall of Babylon539September
Decree of Cyrus538 or 537Jews return from Babylon
Rebuilding of the Temple520 – 516 or 5153.5-4.5
Purim473Time of Esther
Ezra’s return to Jerusalem458 or 457
Nehemiah rebuilds Jerusalem’s walls445 or 444
Hanukkah168 – 165 or 167 – 1643-4“Abomination of desolation”
New Testament and Modern Times
Herod’s temple construction begins20
John the Baptist & Jesus born6 – 4Conceptions & births
Jesus’ ministry26 – 30 AD or 29 – 33 AD3.5Ending on Passover
Fall of Jerusalem to Romans66 – 70 AD4
Bar Kochba revolt132 – 135 AD3Final dispersion
Israel becomes a nation again1948 AD
Jerusalem under Israel’s control1967 AD
Notes:
1. The MT states the Israelites were in Egypt for 430 years (1876-1446 BC), excluding time in Canaan or Haran. The LXX and SP include time in Canaan, reducing the timeline by 215 years for all dates from Adam to Israel’s entry into Egypt (1661-1446 BC).
2. All dates from Adam to Terah can be extended by 60 years due to the claim that Terah died the year Abraham left Haran and Ur (Acts 7).

Septuagint Text-“LXX”

Smith corrected the Flood chronology based on a superior textual variant, aligning it with common sense: Methuselah could not have died six years after the Flood. Smith also suggests several changes to patriarchal lifespans. However, only the variant for Arphaxad having “330” remaining years (like his son and grandson) is preferred. See note for details.

LXX Chronology is partly based on Smith Jr., H.B. (2018). The case for the Septuagint’s chronology in Genesis 5 and 11. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism, ed. J.H. Whitmore, pp. 117–132. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Creation Science Fellowship.

Accepting the lifespans as a schematic—a theological framework for the narrative—helps discern the content of the original manuscripts with high fidelity. Comparative analysis suggests that the typical LXX text requires almost no variant amendments. A few examples of this fractal-like framework include:

  • The sum of all 26 patriarchs’ lifespans in the MT totals 12600 years, a symbolic number (half of 70 years of 360 days/years; Dan. 9, 12; Rev. 11-13). “12600” is ten times 1260.
    • The Book of Enoch equates 1260 (‘360’ x 3.5) with 1274 (‘364’ x 3.5), treating the four extra days as intercalary. Thus, 12600 = 12740 = 490 x 26, representing one 490-year cycle for each of the 26 patriarchs from Adam to Moses, similar to Enoch’s schematic (Enoch 93:9-14; cf., Dan. 9).
  • Adam’s ‘birth’: The LXX totals 11000, 11500, 12600, 12740, and 12900 years from Creation/Adam to the births of Noah, Shem, Terah, Abram/Sarah, and Jacob, respectively. Each patriarch marks a new narrative phase introduced by “These are the generations of…”
    • The 11000 years to Noah is significant as 1100 years separate Noah and Shem’s deaths.
    • The 11500 to Shem aligns with Daniel 8. Similarly, the MT records 1150 years from Shem’s birth to the conquest in 1406 BC, marking Moses’ death.
    • The 12900 to Jacob aligns with the network of seven-year periods in his life, born in 2006 BC (12900 – 3.5 years from Creation, Dan. 12). This parallels the MT’s 12600 and 12603.5 years to Aaron and Moses, born 3.5 years apart.
      • 13370 years to Moses’ birth closely approximates ten times the 1335 of Dan. 12.
  • Adam’s death (LXX) likewise marks the start of several significant timeframes:
    • 12600 to Joshua’s death.
    • 13000 to David’s death, 971-964 BC, and Solomon’s temple (SP is 11500 to 973-966 & Reg., 2300 to 970).
    • 12960 (half trad. Precession of Stars) to Saul’s death and the 7-yr transition from Hebron to Jerusalem as the capital, 1011t-1004(3) BC, marking David’s two coronations.
    • 14000 from Adam’s death to Christ’s death (30 to 37 AD)–double the symbolic 7000 years, with AD 33 the middle of the final seven years, Dan. 9:24-27.
    • 14000 from Adam’s ‘birth’ to Christ’s birth in the MT–precisely 40 years earlier than the LXX’s endpoint, encompassing “His generation” (Isa. 53:8).
      • “1000 years is as a day” = 14 days = Passover death, Nisan 14th, “As for His generation, who considered that He was cut off” Isa. 53:8; cf., Matt. 1:17.
  • Enoch 6:6-8 records 180 fallen angels with 20 chiefs = 200. Enoch and his Calendar emphasize the number seven, implying a 70-year generation. Thus, Enoch, “7th from Adam,” ascends after “70 x 7” years (Dan. 9).
    • 180 angels x 70 years = 12600; plus 20 chiefs x 70 = 1400, totaling 14000 years.
    • MT: 14006 – 12600 = 1406 BC (Joshua defeats giants, offspring of angels); 1406 – 1400 = 6 BC, a total of 14000.
    • LXX repeats this pattern from Adam’s death to Joshua’s death to Jesus’ death.
      • SP instead has 12600 to 128-135 AD, Bar Kokhba Revolt (Judaea renamed Palestine), undoing Joshua and David’s work, indicating the Nephilim resurgence described in the Book of Revelation–mirroring the past.
  • Exodus from Egypt: (LXX) 4900 and 4300 years Cumulative from Shem’s birth and Flood to the Exodus–10x the 490 of Dan. 9 and 10x the “430 years” in Egypt (Ex. 12:40-41; Ezek. 4).
  • Exodus from Babylon: (MT) 4900 and 4300 from Shem’s birth and Flood to 538/536 BC–marking the 2nd Exodus (from Babylon), also when Dan. 9-12 was revealed.
    • LXX ‘4900’ is halved: From Shem’s birth and the Flood to the Reg. LXX birth of Noah and the Flood spans 2450 years, or 50 jubilees of 49 years, from 5748 to 3298 BC (cf. Bk of Jub.’ chronology).
    • By comparison, the MT Cum. Flood is 70 x 7 x 7 years to the 7-year conquest of 1406-1399 BC (and 7 x 7 x 7 x 7 to Abraham, who lived 5 x 5 x 7 years).
      • Similar cycles of 49 are found throughout the MT, combining 5 x 5 with 7 x 7 x 7 in various ways.
    • SP Cum. Creation to SP Reg. Flood dates are 10290 years (3 x 70 x 7 x 7), with the span from Abraham to the Conquest one-tenth of 10290 in SP, MT, and LXX.
  • Key of 23 (‘230‘ Cum.) Cf., ‘2300’ Dan. 8.
    • LXX, MT, SP (& Bk. Jub.): 1656 years (23 x 72) to Noah’s birth, Flood, and death, respectively.
    • Creation: MT Cum. to MT Reg. spans 23 x 430 years.
    • LXX Reg. to MT Reg. spans 23 x 60 (1380) or 1440 (360 x 4) with ‘Terah +60.’
  • Noah/Shem/Flood:
    MT Reg.: Shem’s birth, 23 x 50 to Conquest (Flood to Exodus, 23 x 44)
    • SP Cum.: Shem’s birth (Noah’s death), 23 x 170 to Conquest
      • Flood: MT Cum. to LXX in Mirror = 23 x 460 (23 x 23 x 20)
      • SP Reg.: Noah’s birth, 23 x 100 to Conquest
      • SP Reg: Flood, 23 x 74 to Conquest
        • Jarod dies at Flood, age ‘847’– 23 x 5 years less than ‘962’ of MT/LXX
  • Jared, father of Enoch, is associated with fallen Watcher Angels (Enoch 6:6):
    • MT/SP: born 460 yrs from Adam (23 x 20)
      • MT: born 23 x 96 to Exodus, 1446 BC
        • MT Cum. 23 x 350 to Conquest
      • LXX: born 23 x 136 to Conquest, 1406 BC
      • LXX: 23 x 250, Cum. to Reg. births
        • 23 x 200 Cum. Jarod to Flood

Conclusion: The MT, LXX, and SP chronologies, like the four Gospels, offer a unified narrative from interconnected perspectives. Each provides unique insights while complementing the others, creating a rich tapestry of biblical time. The Books of Enoch, Jubilees, and Luke’s genealogy add a fourth, unconventional, idealized layer. Together, these traditions, with their interwoven fractal-like patterns, deepen our appreciation of biblical history and its theological significance. This entire interaction nests seamlessly within the long spans of the Sumerian Kings List and Berossus List, though this is beyond the current scope of study.

For more examples, visit 490d.com and the “Key of 23.”

(LXX) Creation to the Flood
Patriarch/EventLifespan (BC)Years LivedBegetting AgeKey Events
Creation5561 – 55547For consistency: 7 days of Creation as 7 years
Adam5554 – 4624930230
Seth5324 – 4412912205
Enosh5119 – 4214905190
Kenan4929 – 4019910170
Mahalalel4759 – 3864895165
Jared4594 – 3632962162
Enoch4432 – 4067365165Trad. of Enoch in heaven “294 yrs” (Bk Jub.), (4361-4067?)
Methuselah4267 – 3298969187
Lamech4080 – 3327753182Smith incorrectly amends as 777 to align w. MT (4080-3303)
Noah3898 – 2948950502/500Or, ideally, 3896-2946 due to 2-yr gap, Dean
“120 yrs to Flood”(3418-3298)
FLOOD (3298 – 3297)
Post-Flood to Abraham
Shem3396 – 2796600100/98Or, ideally, 3398-2798 due to 2-yr gap, Dean
Arpachshad3296 – 2831465135Smith Jr. has 565. The begetting age is 100 yrs more than MT, so the correct variant is “330,” not “430,” a scribal compensation for the extra 100 yrs in begetting age.
Kainan3161 – 2701460130Kainan not in MT or SP, but is in Luke 3 & Bk Jub.
Shelah3031 – 2571460130Smith Jr. wrongly chooses textual variant “403” over “330” to avoid duplicating Kainan’s numbers.
Eber2901 – 2397504134
Peleg2767 – 2428339130Tower of Babel (2767 BC)
Reu2637 – 2298339132
Serug2505 – 2175330130
Nahor2375 – 216720879
Terah2296 – 2091 (Or, 2236-2031)205130This chronology adds 60 years for Terah, based on the interpretation that he died when God called Abraham out of Ur and Haran. Otherwise, subtract 60 years from Adam to Terah.
Patriarchal Period
Abraham
(and so forth)
2166 – 1991175100From this point forward, all dates are the same. For the rest of the dates, see the previous chart.
Notes:
Masoretic Text (MT):
States the Israelites were in Egypt for 430 years (1876-1446 BC), excluding time in Canaan.
Samaritan Pentateuch (SP):
Includes time in Canaan, potentially reducing the timeline 215 years for all dates from Adam to Israel’s entry into Egypt (1661-1446 BC).
Exodus 12:40 (SP): “Now the sojourning of the children of Israel and fathers of them, who dwelt in Canaan and in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.”
Septuagint (LXX):
Appears similar: “And the sojourning of the children of Israel, while they sojourned in the land of Egypt and the land of Chanaan, was four hundred and thirty years.”
Lacks the words “and their fathers,” implying Jacob and his offspring’s stay in Canaan and Egypt.
Suggests Jacob left Haran for Canaan in 1876 BC and then moved to Egypt 33 years later, in 1843 BC.
This potentially reduces the dates from Adam to the entry into Egypt by 33 years. Internal numeric evidence suggests this adjustment should not be applied beyond Abraham.
2. All dates from Adam to Terah can be extended by 60 years due to the claim that Terah died the year Abraham left Haran and Ur (Acts 7).


Samaritan Pentateuch Text-“SP”

(“430 years in Egypt,” the same as the MT. See notes.)

Comparative analysis with the MT, LXX, and the Book of Jubilees suggests that the SP integrates Genesis 7:11 (& 8:13) “in the 600th year of Noah” and 7:6 “600 years” for the Flood’s start, creating a one-year gap akin to the “480th year from Exodus” (1 Kings 6:1) for Solomon’s temple construction (967 or 966 BC, inclusive/exclusive). Everyone born after Enoch died in the Flood (SP).

Enoch lived 365 years, but the Book of Jubilees emphasizes that a year for Enoch was 364 days, so 365 years of 364 days amount to 364 years. (The Book of Enoch tackles the issue another way, by having Enoch remain “one year” before returning to heaven!) Thus, at this juncture, the optional year can be dropped. Therefore, Enoch’s son was born when he was 65 or in his 65th year. This means that from the birth of Enoch to the Flood spans 16 jubilees, which is 28 squared, and from his ascension to the Flood and to the death of Noah spans 420 and 770 years, and to Shem’s death, 460 + 460 years. Moreover, the Book of Jubilees states Adam’s death occurred in his 930th year, rather than 930 years of age, which is when Cain died, according to the Book of Jubilees. Clearly, a fudging of one year is intended.

For the sake of simplicity, the table uses ‘normal’ reckoning.

Genesis 11:26, 32: “After Terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran.” “Terah lived 205 years, and he died in Harran.” (Reads “145” in SP.)

The SP records Terah’s age as 145 instead of 205 (as in the MT and LXX), indicating that Terah died at Abraham’s call, consistent with Acts 7:4. Just as the LXX makes Terah 130 at Abraham’s birth instead of the symbolic “70” so that Terah dies at Abraham’s call, the SP does the same. Terah was actually 205 when he died but symbolically “145” when Abraham replaced Nahor, the firstborn. Thus, Terah had his firstborn at 70 (with Abraham counted as the firstborn), but Abraham was literally born 60 years after his firstborn brother when Terah was 130 (70 + 60 = 130).

See the birth of “Shem, Ham, and Japheth” for a similar displacement of name order: “After Noah was 500 years old, he became the father of Shem, Ham, and Japheth,” Genesis 5:32; cf., Cain, Abel, and Seth. Therefore, like the LXX, the SP includes an extra 60 years. Otherwise, subtract 60 years from Adam to Terah’s birth. For example, Creation is 4475/4474 BC; with 60 years less, it is 4415/4414 BC.

(SP) Creation to the Flood

(-1 yr from Creation to Enoch’s birth is preferred; Example: 4481-4474. See previous discussion.)

Patriarch/EventLifespan (BC)Years LivedBegetting AgeRemaining YearsKey Events
Creation4482 – 44757Seven days of Creation as years
Adam4475 – 3545930130800
Seth4345 – 3433912105807
Enosh4240 – 333590590815
Kenan4150 – 324091070840
Mahalalel4080 – 318589565830
Jared4015 – 316884762785
Enoch3953 – 358836565
(65th?)
300In Bk Jub., 365 = 364
Methuselah3888 – 316872067653
Lamech3821 – 316865353600
Noah3768 – 2818950500450See -2 knock-on effect
Flood3168 – 3167Began when Noah was 600 & Shem 98

“120 yrs to Flood” (3288 – 3168)

FLOOD (3168 – 3167)

Post-Flood to Abraham

Patriarch/EventLifespan (BC)Years LivedBegetting AgeRemaining YearsKey Events
Shem3266 – 2666600100
(or 102)
500Born 502 years before Flood
Arpachshad3166 – 2728438135303Born 2 years after Flood
Shelah3031 – 2598433130303
Eber2901 – 2497404134270
Peleg2767 – 2528239130109
Reu2637 – 2398239132107
Serug2505 – 2275230130100
Nahor2375 – 22271487969
Terah2296 – 2091145 (SP)
(Lit. 205)
130/7075Or, 2236-2091, see note
Abraham2166 – 199117510075
Notes:
1. The MT states the Israelites were in Egypt for 430 years (1876-1446 BC), excluding time in Canaan or Haran. The SP includes time in Canaan, reducing the timeline by 215 years for all dates from Adam to Israel’s entry into Egypt (1661-1446 BC).

2. For Terah’s +60, see the discussion at the start of the table.

Below is the SP again, but this time, it is contracted by the said “215 years”.


SP -215 (Same as above but less 215 yrs)

Masoretic Text (MT):
States the Israelites were in Egypt for 430 years (1876-1446 BC), excluding time in Canaan.
Samaritan Pentateuch (SP):
Includes time in Canaan, potentially reducing the timeline 215 years for all dates from Adam to Israel’s entry into Egypt (1661-1446 BC).
Exodus 12:40 (SP): “Now the sojourning of the children of Israel and fathers of them, who dwelt in Canaan and in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.”
Septuagint (LXX):
Appears similar: “And the sojourning of the children of Israel, while they sojourned in the land of Egypt and the land of Chanaan, was four hundred and thirty years.”
Lacks the words “and their fathers,” implying Jacob and his offspring’s stay in Canaan and Egypt.
Suggests Jacob left Haran for Canaan in 1876 BC and then moved to Egypt 33 years later, in 1843 BC.
This potentially reduces the dates from Adam to the entry into Egypt by 33 years. Internal numeric evidence suggests this optional adjustment should not be applied beyond Abraham.

Also, see the inclusive reckoning option for Noah’s Flood in the note preface to the previous chart, which thereby aligns 4206-4199 BC to 1406-1399 BC by an even 70 generations of 40 years.

We do not include Terah’s +60 as in the previous table, which is optional.

Creation to the Flood (Adjusted -215 years)
Patriarch/EventLifespan (BC)Years LivedBegetting AgeRemaining YearsKey Events
Creation4207 – 42007Seven days of Creation as years
Adam4200 – 3270930130800
Seth4070 – 3158912105807
Enosh3965 – 306090590815
Kenan3875 – 296591070840
Mahalalel3805 – 291089565830
Jared3740 – 289384762785
Enoch3678 – 331336565
(65th?)
300In Bk Jub., 365 = 364
Methuselah3613 – 289372067653
Lamech3546 – 289365353600
Noah3493 – 2543950500450
Flood2893When Noah was 600 and Shem 98
“120 yrs to Flood”(3013-2893)
FLOOD (2893 – 3892)
Post-Flood to Abraham (Adjusted -215 years)
Shem2991 – 2391600100500Born 502 years before Flood
Arpachshad2891 – 2453438135303Born 2 years after Flood
Shelah2756 – 2323433130303
Eber2626 – 2222404134270
Peleg2492 – 2253239130109
Reu2362 – 2123239132107
Serug2230 – 2000230130100
Nahor2100 – 19521487969
Terah2021 – 18761457075
Patriarchal Period (Adjusted -215 years)
Abraham1951 – 177617510075Call of Abram (1876 BC), Covenant of Pieces (1866 BC), Covenant of Circumcision & Destruction of Sodom (1852 BC)
Sarah1941 – 1814127
Ishmael1865 – 1728137
Isaac1851 – 167118060120Wedding of Isaac (1811 BC)
Jacob1791 – 16441478760Jacob flees Esau (1714 BC), Jacob works for wives (1714-1707-1700 BC), Jacob returns to Canaan (1694 BC)
Levi1704 – 1567137
Judah1703 – 1574129Death year per tradition
Joseph1700 – 1590110Joseph sold as slave (1683 BC), 7 years plenty (1670-1663 BC), 7 years famine (1663-1656 BC)
Benjamin1691 – ?Birth of Benjamin (likely 1691 BC)
Egypt to Exodus (Last 215 years unadjusted)
Israelites enter Egypt1661Start of 215 years in Egypt
Israelites in Egypt1661 – 1446215215 years in Egypt
Moses1526 – 1406120Birth (1526 BC), Exodus (1446 BC), Death (1406 BC)
Fully Adjusted Samaritan Pentateuch (SP) Chronology from Creation to Exodus, with -215 years applied from Adam to entry into Egypt

Detailed Table: Creation to the Flood (MT)

Detailed Table: Creation to the Flood (MT)
Patriarch/EventLifespan (BC)Years LivedBegetting AgeRemaining YearsKey Events
Creation4121 – 41147Seven days of Creation as years
Adam4114 – 3184930130800
Seth3984 – 3072912105807
Enosh3879 – 297490590815
Kenan3789 – 287991070840
Mahalalel3719 – 282489565830
Jared3654 – 2692962162800
Enoch3492 – 312736565300
Methuselah3427 – 2458969187782
Lamech3240 – 2463777182595
Noah3058 – 2108950500450Flood (2458 – 2457 BC)
Post-Flood to Abraham
Shem2556 – 1956600100500
Arphaxad2456 – 201843835403
Salah2421 – 198843330403
Eber2391 – 192746434430
Peleg2357 – 211823930209Tower of Babel (2357 BC)
Reu2327 – 208823932207
Serug2295 – 206523030200
Nahor2265 – 211714829119
Terah2236 – 203120570135
Patriarchal Period
Abraham2166 – 199117510075Call of Abram (2091 BC) Covenant of Pieces (2081 BC) Covenant of Circumcision (2067 BC) Destruction of Sodom (2067 BC)
Isaac2066 – 188618060120Wedding of Isaac (2026 BC)
Jacob2006 – 18591478760Jacob flees Esau (1929 BC) Jacob works for wives (1929-1922-1915 BC) Jacob returns to Canaan (1909 BC)
Levi1919 – 1782137
Kohath133
Amram137
Aaron1529 – 1406123Birth (summer of 1530 exact) Death (summer of 1407)
Moses1526 – 1406120Birth (winter of 1526 exact) Flees to Midian (1486 BC) Exodus (1446 BC) Tabernacle (1445 BC) Death (winter of 1406)
See the first table for all dates after Moses.