This appendix supplies the reign tables and calculations for The Sumerian King List: Reigns, the Flood, and Biblical Comparisons. The main article can be read on its own; the tables here make its numerical choices reproducible.
Go directly to the eight pre-Flood reigns, 23 reigns of Kish, Short/Long boundaries, 364/365 comparison, or source map.
One biblical reference is especially important for the model’s scaled two-year companion:
“Two years after the flood, when Shem was 100 years old, he became the father of Arphaxad.”
— Genesis 11:10, BSB, excerpt
The passage supplies the two-year reference. The operation 2 × 360 = 720 belongs to the comparative model; Scripture does not state a 720-year Sumerian interval.
What the different numbers represent
Reign data are the numbers supplied by the selected ancient text or edition. Scaled durations result from dividing a stated duration by 360. Model coordinates result from placing a duration against an adopted endpoint. These are three distinct steps.
The two SKL constructions retain the canonical names Sumerian A / SKL Short and Sumerian B / SKL Long. They are used here as names for numerical models, without claiming that the selected figures all come from two intact, separately verified manuscript sequences.
The main calculations use whole years and same-side BC subtraction: earlier BC label − later BC label. None crosses from BC to AD. There is no year zero, but no cross-axis correction is needed in these examples.
The ordinary biblical background remains normal MT/Nisan: Creation 4114 BC, Flood 2458 BC, and 1656 years between them. The large SKL coordinates and the scaled 670 do not replace those dates or that interval. These tables do not introduce a Terah +60 or restored Cainan variant into the ordinary MT chronology.
A. The eight pre-Flood reigns
The source reigns below agree with File 21, Table 6.1 and the selected sequence in Oxford’s ETCSL edition, lines 1–39. Names follow the Oxford transliterations; familiar canonical spellings are supplied where useful. Their ordering does not establish historical identity with the patriarchs paired in the older chart.
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| No. | King | Reign years | Reign ÷ 360 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alulim | 28800 | 80 |
| 2 | Alaljar / Alalngar | 36000 | 100 |
| 3 | En-men-lu-ana | 43200 | 120 |
| 4 | En-men-gal-ana | 28800 | 80 |
| 5 | Dumuzid / Tammuz | 36000 | 100 |
| 6 | En-sipad-zid-ana | 28800 | 80 |
| 7 | En-men-dur-ana | 21000 | 58⅓ |
| 8 | Ubara-Tutu | 18600 | 51⅔ |
| Total | 241200 | 670 |
Total: 241200 ÷ 360 = 670.
The first six reigns divide exactly into whole units of 360. The last two do not:
21000 = 58 × 360 + 120
18600 = 51 × 360 + 240
Their remainders complete another 360, so together:
21000 + 18600 = 39600 = 110 × 360.
This is exact arithmetic from the retained values. It does not require changing either reign or treating 21000 as the only non-divisible value.
B. The 23 reigns of the first Kish dynasty
This table adds the selected whole-year values displayed in ETCSL, lines 40–94. It is a composite-edition calculation. The edition supplies some readings from other witnesses and records alternatives; this is not an invariant total of every version.
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| No. | King | Selected whole years | Running total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jucur | 1200 | 1200 |
| 2 | Kullassina-bel | 960 | 2160 |
| 3 | Nanjiclicma | 670 (?) † | 2830 |
| 4 | En-tarah-ana | 420 † | 3250 |
| 5 | Babum | 300 † | 3550 |
| 6 | Puannum | 840 | 4390 |
| 7 | Kalibum | 960 | 5350 |
| 8 | Kalumum | 840 | 6190 |
| 9 | Zuqaqip | 900 | 7090 |
| 10 | Atab | 600 | 7690 |
| 11 | Macda | 840 | 8530 |
| 12 | Arwium | 720 | 9250 |
| 13 | Etana | 1500 | 10750 |
| 14 | Balih | 400 | 11150 |
| 15 | En-me-nuna | 660 | 11810 |
| 16 | Melem-Kic | 900 | 12710 |
| 17 | Barsal-nuna | 1200 | 13910 |
| 18 | Zamug | 140 | 14050 |
| 19 | Tizqar | 305 | 14355 |
| 20 | Ilku | 900 | 15255 |
| 21 | Iltasadum | 1200 | 16455 |
| 22 | En-men-barage-si | 900 | 17355 |
| 23 | Aga | 625 | 17980 |
| Selected total | 17980 | 17980 |
The † entries are supplied in the edition from P2+L2; 670 is additionally marked uncertain. En-tarah-ana’s line is incomplete and includes the months-and-days material. The table adds only its displayed whole-year component.
The dynasty summary gives 24510 years, 3 months and 3½ days. Thus the selected row sum and the transmitted summary remain separate evidence:
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| Quantity | Whole-year component | Treatment here |
|---|---|---|
| Selected individual reign values | 17980 | Input to the Short model |
| Transmitted dynasty summary | 24510 | Input to the Long model |
| Difference between those whole-year components | 6530 | Calculated difference |
| Appended months and days | 3 months and 3½ days | Preserved as a textual remainder; excluded from whole-year placement |
The checked Oxford edition says its unmarked numerical data come from WB and expressly excludes WB 62 from the witnesses it used. Accordingly, this appendix does not attribute the Long total to WB 62. The two totals remain useful for the canonical comparison without that manuscript claim.
The remainder has its own interpretation in File 34 §4.5 and §5.6. It should not be silently dropped from a quotation, converted into an unexplained extra year, or mixed into the whole-year equations below.
C. Placing the Short and Long models
The later boundaries are adopted from the canonical model, not dates printed on a Sumerian tablet. The model relates them to Babel; they do not replace the ordinary MT Peleg/Babel date of 2357 BC. Once those boundaries and the durations are stated, the earlier positions follow by addition:
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| Construction | Operation | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Short Flood boundary | 2906 + 17980 | 20886 BC |
| Long Flood boundary | 2856 + 24510 | 27366 BC |
| Short first-king boundary | 20886 + 241200 | 262086 BC |
| Long first-king boundary | 27366 + 241200 | 268566 BC |
Both constructions preserve the same 241200 pre-Flood reign sum. Their first-king and Flood positions therefore share the same 6480-year difference:
268566 − 262086 = 27366 − 20886 = 6480.
Their later boundaries behave differently. The Long boundary at 2856 BC falls 50 years later than the Short boundary at 2906 BC. Hence:
(27366 − 2856) − (20886 − 2906)
= (27366 − 20886) + (2906 − 2856)
= 6480 + 50 = 6530.
The two terms account for the entire difference. Merely shifting both ends of one interval by 6480 would preserve its length and would not produce the Long duration.
Source controls: File 02 §4.1, File 21 Table 6.1, and File 34 §§4.1–4.4. The interpretation of 6480 = 90 × 72 uses the repository’s schematic precessional convention. It is not a measurement of an unchanging astronomical rate.
D. The fixed-6-BC calendar comparison
This comparison uses SKL Short, with 6 BC as the imported nativity anchor. It operates on a complete span before applying the scale:
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| State | Earlier model coordinate | Fixed endpoint | Span | Span ÷ 360 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base | 262086 BC | 6 BC | 262080 | 728 = 2 × 364 |
| Declared +720 companion | 262806 BC | 6 BC | 262800 | 730 = 2 × 365 |
The difference checks at both scales:
262806 − 262086 = 262800 − 262080 = 720
720 ÷ 360 = 2
730 − 728 = 2
The values 364 and 365 name calendar-day counts used as numerical patterns. The quotient column reports scaled years under the declared rule; recognizing its values as two calendar-year day-counts is a further symbolic comparison, not a change of units in the middle of an equation.
The +720 state preserves every pre-Flood reign if applied to the entire block: the first-king position becomes 262806 BC and the Flood position becomes 21606 BC, leaving 241200 between them. The separate nativity endpoint remains at 6 BC for the displayed comparison.
This is not the +2 local shift also found in the source files. A local two-year movement and its 720-year scaled analogue must be named separately. Neither adjusts Genesis 11:10’s wording or adds years to Noah’s ordinary biography.
The current source also provides a secondary +30 comparison: 262116→36 BC and 262836→36 BC preserve the same two spans. Both ends move together. It is unnecessary for the main explanation and does not allow an arbitrary 30-year adjustment while retaining the old endpoint.
Source controls: File 02 §4.3; File 21, Protocol 2.4 and Theorem 9.1. The 365-day value is schematic; this construction does not calculate the fractional length of the tropical year.
E. Sources and further reading
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| Source | Sections used | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| File 02: The Flood and Sumerian Integration | §§0.3–0.5; 4.1; 4.3 | Distinct chronological states; Short/Long boundaries; fixed-6-BC calendar pair |
| File 21: SKL Unified Protocol | Protocols 1.1, 2.1–2.4; Table 6.1; Theorem 9.1 | Scale, coordinates, reign data and paired calendar interpretation |
| File 34: Integrating Berossus, Sumer, and the Bible | §§4.1–4.5; 5.5–5.6 | Whole-year totals; 6480 + 50 decomposition; separate fractional and scale discussions |
| File 18: Chronological Data Tables | Regular MT tables | Ordinary biblical baseline |
| File 10: External Validation | §0 and §0.1b | Distinction between numerical compatibility, theological interpretation and evidence of ancient dependence |
| ETCSL: Sumerian King List | Edition note; lines 1–94 | Ancient reign figures, selected readings and transmitted summary |
| ETCSL bibliography | Witness and edition references | Manuscript abbreviations and scholarly source route |
| Ashmolean Museum | Object introduction | Physical prism and historical-literary setting |
The original detailed study contains additional proposed patriarchal pairings, Etana material and the Pillar comparisons. Those subjects require their own state-by-state treatment; they are not necessary to the introductory calculations above. The canonical files provide the fuller current framework.
Scripture quotations: Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain.