Technical Appendix: The Samaritan Flood Chronology

This appendix supports The Samaritan Flood Chronology: From Creation to Noah’s Rest. All dates are BC. These are Regular, non-rounded coordinates in the 490d reconstruction. File 18, §§3.1–3.2.1 controls the SP figures and counting conventions; File 11, §8.1 controls the SP/MT 1656 comparison.

A1. Native SP and the full-430 comparison

The native SP frame has 215 years in Egypt and places Abram’s call 215 years before the entry. The comparison frame adds 215 to the affected early coordinates, making the Egypt interval 430. Terah +60 and the insertion of a second Cainan are off in both SP columns. Exodus and Conquest remain fixed.

The symbolic Creation week is a separate interpretive wrapper. It does not add seven elapsed years inside the stated 4414→2758 comparison. The preferred current table uses 4414 as both its Creation endpoint and genealogical chain head; the superseded 4415/4414 repair is not an additional adjustment to apply.

Source: File 18 §3, §§3.2–3.4 and Appendix A. Return to the explanation.

A2. Creation to Flood: the SP ledger

This table uses the main article’s full-430, G2 comparison frame. Death and departure dates are stated according to the row’s event. Enoch’s endpoint is his being taken, rather than an asserted death. The three Flood-capped lifespans use inclusive counts.

The SP Genesis 5 begetting figures from Adam through Lamech total 707:

130 + 105 + 90 + 70 + 65 + 62 + 65 + 67 + 53 = 707.

Adding Noah’s 600 gives the familiar 1307. In the preferred primary path, however, Lamech’s 53rd counted year is represented by 52 completed intervals: 3760 − 3708 = 52. The selected Creation-to-Noah distance is therefore 706, and Creation-to-Flood is 706 + 600 = 1306 completed intervals, or 1307 inclusively.

The endpoint difference and the recorded count serve different functions. The reconstruction applies the one-year distinction once; it does not subtract one from every begetting age. These annual positions also leave otherwise unspecified birthday phases unspecified.

Source: File 18 §3.1. The public Regular table supplies the wider genealogical context.

A3. The inclusive lifespans at the Flood boundary

Their selected deaths remain at Flood start, 3108 BC. The right-hand column is an equivalent capacity calculation to the closing boundary; it does not relocate those deaths to 3107. Nor does the inclusive count establish a cause of death.

The same distinction gives 4414 − 3108 + 1 = 1307 counted endpoint years for Creation to Flood start. It is a span capacity, not Adam’s lifespan. Noah is outside this pre-Noah Flood-cap calculation, and ordinary lifespan subtraction remains in use for the uncapped rows.

Source: File 18 §3.1.3. Return to the main discussion of inclusive counting.

A4. Noah and Shem: matching positions and lifespans

The SP’s local companion position is one year later than its primary position. It applies here to Noah and Shem; it does not create a blanket shift through the genealogy. Each birth must be paired with its matching death.

The primary Noah death carries the source’s inclusive/harmonic qualification; the companion death carries its ordinary-companion qualification. Two matched post-Flood comparisons give 350:

• Flood start 3108 → primary death 2758 = 350.
• Flood close 3107 → companion death 2757 = 350.

Crossing the pairs would give 3108 − 2757 = 351. Flood close is an event boundary, not itself a Noah/Shem companion position.

Three permitted paths from Lamech reach the same G2 Flood start:

In each path the Flood falls in Lamech’s 653rd counted year. Genesis 7:6 gives the cardinal expression for Noah’s age; Genesis 7:11 gives the ordinal 600th-year expression. Coordinating them through this SP field is the reconstruction’s method, rather than six independently attested manuscript chronologies.

The post-Flood table uses the Arphaxad-bound Shem row because it yields the 100 + 500 = 600 of Genesis 11:10–11. The G2 Noah-bound Shem row has a different role and must retain its label. At the held sojourn, Terah, and Cainan settings, Arphaxad onward does not move with the Noah/Shem Gear choice.

Source: File 18 §§3.1 and 3.2.1. Return to Noah’s timeline.

A5. Flood boundaries in the three traditions

The ordinary Gear choices move the Flood by two-year steps. Each Flood has its own one-year start-to-close span. This is separate from the SP’s one-year Noah/Shem companion positions.

All three rows use the full-430 comparison frame, with Terah +60 off. The MT and SP omit the second Cainan; the LXX retains its native second Cainan. The LXX also follows the current selected Lamech reconstruction in File 18 §4A. Subtract 215 from the early coordinates for their corresponding minimum/native table frames.

For G2 starts, SP − MT = 650, LXX − MT = 780, and LXX − SP = 130. These are Regular intervals. They should not be exchanged with cumulative offsets.

The G1 Flood start shares a coordinate with fixed Arphaxad in each row; the event classes remain distinct. That alternative alignment does not replace the main article’s G2 sequence of start, close, and Arphaxad. Every Gear’s close follows from its own event-year.

Source: File 18 §3.1.4. Return to the brief comparison.

A6. The 1656 comparison, checked by endpoints

The main figure aligns starts to compare lengths. It is not a common absolute-date axis. The comparison makes no claim that SP Noah’s death is the MT Flood event.

One broader numerical property is 1656 = 72 × 23. The Key-of-23 expansion therefore gives 1656 × 25/23 = 1800 = 5 × 360, an increase of 144. File 02, §2.3 treats that as a separate harmonic operation. It does not alter the unexpanded dates in this article or prove the rest interpretation.

Sources: File 11 §8.1; File 02 §§2.1 and 2.3. Return to the equal-span figure.

A7. Lamech’s midpoint ends at Arphaxad

490d · Regular chronology · Figure 3

Lamech at the midpoint: 654 + 654

Samaritan Pentateuch · Gear 2 · full-430 comparison frame

Creation to Arphaxad

4414 BCCreation endpoint

↓ 654 years

3760 BCLamech’s birth

↓ 654 years

3106 BCArphaxad’s birth

654 years654 years

654 + 654 = 1308 years

The two equal segments show equal 654-year intervals.

The endpoint is Arphaxad’s birth, 3106 BC. Flood start is 3108 BC.

Source controls: File 18 §§3.1–3.2.1.

Read the diagram’s dates and calculation

4414 − 3760 = 654, and 3760 − 3106 = 654. This is a Gear-2 midpoint in the full-430 SP comparison frame, without Terah’s +60. Arphaxad remains fixed while Noah/Shem/Flood gear states are distinguished elsewhere. Replacing Arphaxad with the 3108 BC Flood start would make the second span 652 years and would remove this midpoint.

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The G2 calculation is:

4414 − 3760 = 654; 3760 − 3106 = 654; 654 + 654 = 1308.

The native frame gives the same result: 4199 → 3545 → 2891 = 654 + 654. These are ordinary differences between the named endpoints. Lamech’s inclusive 653-year life ends earlier, at Flood start in 3108, as A3 explains.

File 18 separately preserves a G1 convergence at 3106 BC: Lamech’s G1 death, the G1 Flood start, and fixed Arphaxad’s birth share that year-label. That is a different observation from the G2 midpoint. It must not be used to rename the midpoint as Creation-to-Flood or to give other patriarchs freely interchangeable endpoints.

Source: File 18 §3.1.4. Return to the main article.

A8. Source guide and interpretive limits

The sources distinguish the transmitted figures, the selected chronological reconstruction, exact arithmetic within that reconstruction, and theological interpretation. These layers support one another without being interchangeable. NET supplies the modern opening quotation; it is not presented as a translation of the specifically Samaritan numerical readings.

Read the detailed study · Return to the main article · Regular chronology tables · Canonical source catalog.