These tables support Berossus, Babylon, and the Fifty-Year Shift. They distinguish the surviving numerical evidence from the coordinates generated by the 490d model. A duration measures a span; an anchor places an endpoint; a generated coordinate follows from combining them. The same duration can produce different coordinates when the anchor changes.
All calculations below use whole years unless the source’s additional months and days are specifically identified. The displayed coordinates are BC, so subtraction measures a same-side interval and addition projects backward from its later endpoint. No BC/AD crossing is needed for these calculations.
1. The ten kings in the Berossus tradition
The following inventory follows the enumerated list in Eusebius, Chronicle, Book 1, through Alexander Polyhistor, translated by Andrew Smith. The list is transmitted indirectly; Berossus’s original text is not preserved intact. The second name column identifies the spellings used by File 34 so readers can compare the witness and model without mistaking spelling differences for additional rulers.
A sar is reckoned in this witness as 3600 years. The years column is the calculation from the stated number of sars.
| No. | Translated witness name | File 34 display | Sars | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alorus | Aloros | 10 | 36000 |
| 2 | Alaparus | Alaparos | 3 | 10800 |
| 3 | Amelon | Amelon | 13 | 46800 |
| 4 | Ammenon | Ammenon | 12 | 43200 |
| 5 | Megalarus | Megalaros | 18 | 64800 |
| 6 | Daonus | Daos, shepherd | 10 | 36000 |
| 7 | Euedorachus | Evedorachos | 18 | 64800 |
| 8 | Amempsinus | Amempsinos | 10 | 36000 |
| 9 | Otiartes | Otiartes | 8 | 28800 |
| 10 | Xisuthrus | Xisouthros | 18 | 64800 |
| Total | 10 kings | 120 | 432000 |
The sum is 120 × 3600 = 432000. The tenth reign is the reign in which the Flood occurs in the transmitted account. Daonus/Daos occupies one row. Splitting his 36000 years into two equal segments would be an analytical division, not evidence for an eleventh king.
The Apollodorus excerpt and Abydenus excerpt collected by Cory provide additional transmitted presentations of this tradition. Their names and narrative details should be identified by witness rather than silently combined into a reconstructed quotation.
2. The separate eight-king Sumerian total
The Oxford Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, lines 1–39, supplies this selected pre-Flood sequence. Names below follow that translation. The table does not assert that every SKL manuscript has the same inventory or that each king is identical with a biblical patriarch.
| No. | King in the Oxford translation | Reign, years | Running total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alulim | 28800 | 28800 |
| 2 | Alaljar | 36000 | 64800 |
| 3 | En-men-lu-ana | 43200 | 108000 |
| 4 | En-men-gal-ana | 28800 | 136800 |
| 5 | Dumuzid, the shepherd | 36000 | 172800 |
| 6 | En-sipad-zid-ana | 28800 | 201600 |
| 7 | En-men-dur-ana | 21000 | 222600 |
| 8 | Ubara-Tutu | 18600 | 241200 |
| Total | 8 kings | 241200 | 241200 |
241200 is the total of these eight reigns. It is distinct from the Berossus total of 432000. The 490d research contains larger combined constructions, but they do not change the sum of the eight displayed rows. In particular, 259200 is not their total.
3. The post-Flood total: why the witness needs to be named
The surviving Polyhistor passage in Eusebius’s Chronicle, at the page-25 marker, describes 86 kings from Xisuthrus and the Flood to a capture of Babylon by the Medes. Smith’s translation of this surviving version prints 33091 years. The passage says that Polyhistor named the kings, but it does not preserve an 86-name inventory for us to tabulate here.
The study adopts 34080 years, supported by a different numerical form in the Syncellus tradition:
| Sexagesimal quantity | Unit value | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 9 sars | 3600 | 32400 |
| 2 ners | 600 | 1200 |
| 8 sosses | 60 | 480 |
| Total | 34080 |
9 × 3600 + 2 × 600 + 8 × 60 = 34080.
The Greek text in Dindorf’s 1829 Syncellus edition, volume 1, printed page 147 gives these sexagesimal quantities alongside a decimal total of 34090. The published Latin rendering on the same page gives 34080. The arithmetic of the sexagesimal expression is secure; the differing decimal figures must remain visible.
| Evidence or operation | Number | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Eusebius/Polyhistor in the checked Smith translation | 33091 | Printed decimal reading of this surviving version |
| Sexagesimal quantities in the inspected Syncellus edition | 34080 | Sum of 9 sars, 2 ners, and 8 sosses |
| Syncellus Greek decimal in the inspected edition | 34090 | Printed decimal differing from the adjacent sexagesimal sum |
| Published Latin rendering in that edition | 34080 | Decimal rendering agreeing with the sexagesimal sum |
| File 34’s selected post-Flood duration | 34080 | Adopted model input; not an invariant reading of every witness |
The endpoint distinction is equally important. After the early Median capture, Eusebius lists Median rulers and several subsequent dynasties. Cyrus’s capture under Nabonidus appears much later in the account. The 86-king period must therefore not be described as a directly attested Flood-to-Cyrus or Flood-to-restoration interval.
Using its adopted length with the 486 BC anchor is a declared operation of the 490d model. It is not a claim that the ancient writer dated this early Median episode to 486 BC, 536 BC, or 539 BC.
4. Historical references and generated coordinates
| Item | Coordinate or quantity | Classification |
|---|---|---|
| Cyrus captures Babylon | 539 BC | Historical event; British Museum reference |
| Restoration reference | 536 BC | Retained historical reference in the 490d biblical chronology framework |
| Berossus computational anchor | 486 BC | Model anchor, fifty years later than 536 BC |
| Adopted post-Flood duration | 34080 years | Selected numerical input with the witness qualification above |
| Berossus Flood coordinate | 34566 BC | Generated by 486 + 34080 |
| Beginning of the Alorus sequence | 466566 BC | Generated by 34566 + 432000 |
The 536 BC reference belongs to the framework’s restoration and Temple-foundation setting. Ezra 3:8 BSB identifies the second month of the second year after arrival, rather than supplying a BC date. Historical dating and the text’s relative expression remain separate.
Matched back-counts
| Setting | Pre-Flood opening | Pre-Flood duration | Flood coordinate | Post-Flood duration | Later anchor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected model | 466566 BC | 432000 | 34566 BC | 34080 | 486 BC |
| Reference-only 536 companion | 466616 BC | 432000 | 34616 BC | 34080 | 536 BC |
Every coordinate in the companion lies fifty years earlier, while both durations stay fixed. The 34616 and 466616 coordinates are generated for this comparison; they are not a second independently adopted Berossus chronology. The 34616 companion is explicitly distinguished from the main 34566 result in File 34’s File 67 reciprocal guard; the further 466616 opening is the direct extension by the same 432000 span.
For the selected model, 466566 − 34566 = 432000 and 34566 − 486 = 34080. Their combined duration is 466080 = 432000 + 34080; it is a span, not the same quantity as the opening coordinate 466566 BC.
The related Kings comparison is 1016 − 966 = 50. Those are respectively the schematic and historical Temple positions. This fifty-year magnitude must not be confused with a claim that each fractional reign table independently adds to an exact 430 years. Files 08 and 18 preserve distinct historical, schematic, and partial-year conventions.
5. The selected first-Kish sum and the dynasty summary
The whole-year Short input is obtained from the following selected readings in the Oxford composite edition, lines 40–94. The running total makes the selection reproducible. Three figures are supplied in that edition from P2+L2; the 670 reading is marked uncertain. Other variants are not silently substituted into this selected sum.
| No. | King in the Oxford translation | Selected whole years | Running total | Reading note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jucur | 1200 | 1200 | Selected main reading |
| 2 | Kullassina-bel | 960 | 2160 | Selected main reading |
| 3 | Nanjiclicma | 670 | 2830 | P2+L2; uncertain reading |
| 4 | En-tarah-ana | 420 | 3250 | Supplied from P2+L2 |
| 5 | Babum | 300 | 3550 | Supplied from P2+L2 |
| 6 | Puannum | 840 | 4390 | Selected main reading |
| 7 | Kalibum | 960 | 5350 | Selected main reading |
| 8 | Kalumum | 840 | 6190 | Selected main reading |
| 9 | Zuqaqip | 900 | 7090 | Selected main reading |
| 10 | Atab | 600 | 7690 | Selected main reading |
| 11 | Macda | 840 | 8530 | Selected main reading |
| 12 | Arwium | 720 | 9250 | Selected main reading |
| 13 | Etana | 1500 | 10750 | Selected main reading |
| 14 | Balih | 400 | 11150 | Selected main reading |
| 15 | En-me-nuna | 660 | 11810 | Selected main reading |
| 16 | Melem-Kic | 900 | 12710 | Selected main reading |
| 17 | Barsal-nuna | 1200 | 13910 | Selected main reading |
| 18 | Zamug | 140 | 14050 | Selected main reading |
| 19 | Tizqar | 305 | 14355 | Selected main reading |
| 20 | Ilku | 900 | 15255 | Selected main reading |
| 21 | Iltasadum | 1200 | 16455 | Selected main reading |
| 22 | En-men-barage-si | 900 | 17355 | Selected main reading |
| 23 | Aga | 625 | 17980 | Selected main reading |
| Total | 23 kings | 17980 | 17980 | Whole-year entries only |
En-tarah-ana’s entry also preserves 3 months and 3½ days beside damaged text. That fractional tail is retained as source data but is excluded from this selected whole-year addition.
The individual whole-year entries sum to 17980. The dynasty’s transmitted summary separately gives 24510 years, 3 months, and 3½ days. The discrepancy is preserved, rather than resolved by changing a reign to force the rows to equal the summary. For the model’s whole-year comparison, the inputs are 17980 and 24510; the additional months and days are not included in those equations.
The Oxford edition explicitly excludes WB62 from the witnesses it uses. Consequently, this article does not repeat the inherited attribution of the 24510 summary to WB62. “Short” and “Long” remain useful names for the selected research settings, with the row-sum/summary distinction stated explicitly. This editorial clarification leaves the adopted arithmetic unchanged.
6. Both endpoints explain the 6480-year difference
| Model | Adopted later boundary | Whole-year interval | Back-count | Flood coordinate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sumerian A / SKL Short | 2906 BC | 17980 | 2906 + 17980 | 20886 BC |
| Sumerian B / SKL Long | 2856 BC | 24510 | 2856 + 24510 | 27366 BC |
The adopted later boundaries differ by 2906 − 2856 = 50. The durations differ by 24510 − 17980 = 6530. Combining both changes gives:
(2856 + 24510) − (2906 + 17980) = 6530 − 50 = 6480.
Thus the Long interval begins 6480 years earlier and finishes fifty years later. This is an exact relationship within the selected model, not an approximate replacement of 6530 with 6480. The 2906 and 2856 coordinates are adopted model boundaries; they are neither tablet-supplied dates nor simple quotients of the larger BC numerals.
7. The selected three-tier Flood matrix
File 34 §5.3 supplies the following pairs. Its terms “upper” and “lower” identify members within a row; the separate SKL Upper and SKL Lower labels identify the Long and Short rows. The explicit names below avoid confusing those two uses.
| Model tier | Selected earlier member | Selected later member | Within-row difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Berossus | 34566 BC | 33846 BC | 720 |
| SKL Long, source’s “SKL Upper” tier | 28086 BC | 27366 BC | 720 |
| SKL Short, source’s “SKL Lower” tier | 21606 BC | 20886 BC | 720 |
The Short 20886 and Long 27366 coordinates are the later members of different rows. They differ by 6480, not 720. Corresponding members down either column also differ by 6480.
| Route | Calculation | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Earlier column, Berossus → Long | 34566 − 28086 | 6480 |
| Earlier column, Long → Short | 28086 − 21606 | 6480 |
| Later column, Berossus → Long | 33846 − 27366 | 6480 |
| Later column, Long → Short | 27366 − 20886 | 6480 |
| Crossed columns, main Berossus → base Long | 34566 − 27366 | 7200 = 6480 + 720 |
| Main Berossus → earlier Short | 34566 − 21606 | 12960 = 2 × 6480 |
| Main Berossus → base Short | 34566 − 20886 | 13680 = 2 × 6480 + 720 |
These distinctions matter: 34566 and 27366 are not a 6480-year pair. The parent diagram compares matching columns so that the relationship remains visible.
The wider 720-year family
The current controls use a centered −720 / 0 / +720 family, derived from the local two-year spacing under a declared 360:1 scale. The matrix above displays selected members, not the entire family. File 21’s four-state example starts from Short Flood B = 20886 BC:
| Setting | Coordinate formula | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Base Short | B | 20886 BC |
| Selected 720 companion | B + 720 | 21606 BC |
| Long comparison | B + 6480 | 27366 BC |
| Long with the same 720 companion | B + 6480 + 720 | 28086 BC |
The plus signs here operate on BC numerals: increasing the numeral moves the coordinate earlier. They are not an assertion that time itself runs backward. The wider centered family and any separately declared local or apparent-age adjustments need their own labels; they are not unrestricted corrections to an inconvenient date.
The precessional interpretation uses 25920 = 360 × 72, 6480 = 90 × 72, and 12960 = 180 × 72. These are idealized constants of this model. The equations are exact under those definitions; they do not measure an invariant astronomical rate or independently demonstrate ancient use of the entire construction.
8. Sources and scope
| Source | Use |
|---|---|
| Eusebius, Chronicle, Book 1, Smith translation | Ten reigns and units; the Eusebian post-Flood decimal and narrative sequence |
| Syncellus, Dindorf edition, printed p.147 | Published primary-text edition supporting the post-Flood sexagesimal quantities |
| Oxford Sumerian King List translation and bibliography | Eight reigns; selected first-Kish readings; separate dynasty summary and witness limitations |
| File 34, §§1, 3–5, Appendix A | The 536/486 distinction, adopted back-count, and selected three-tier matrix |
| File 21, Source §§2, 6 | SKL Short/Long settings and declared 720/6480 comparisons |
| File 08 and File 18 | Kings chronology and its historical/schematic distinction |
The tables establish what follows from the identified readings and model choices. They do not turn generated BC coordinates into ordinary historical reign dates, identify the early Median episode with Cyrus’s conquest, or prove direct dependence between every tradition compared. The introductory article develops the meaning of the selected relationships; the detailed Berossus study develops the argument in full.
Scripture quotations: Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain. The linked Ezra passage is identified by edition; numerical calculations belong to this study’s prose and tables.