Revelation’s Scaled Epochs: Part 3 Reference Appendix

Revelation Words and Tokens · Part 3 Reference Appendix

The complete date tables, occurrence key, and calculations behind the reading of Revelation’s tokens as scaled epochs.

This appendix accompanies Part 3. It preserves the original three calendar arrays and both numbering columns of the occurrence key. The opening and closing bookends remain distinct from counted words. Unless a seasonal qualification is stated, a dated band runs from spring in its first year to spring in its final year.

Part 3 · Main discussion

In this appendix

A. Counts, positions, and boundaries

The lexical inventory is 20 churches + 22 seals/sealing + 10 thunders + 16 trumpets/sounding + 12 bowls = 80. The alternative sequence excludes the ten thunders and contains seventy lexical occurrences. The opening #0 and later closing #81—or #71 in the shorter numbering—are conceptual positions. Their inclusion never increases either lexical total.

ConstructionPositions shownComplete bandsSteps from first opening to last opening
Eighty-word sequence with opening bookend#0–808180
Eighty-word sequence with both bookends#0–818281
Seventy-word sequence with opening bookend#0–707170
Seventy-word sequence with both bookends#0–717271
A list of units includes its last unit; a measurement between the beginnings of the first and last units does not include the width of the last one.

Ordinary BC/AD years and an arithmetic coordinate

In historical notation, 1 BC is followed by AD 1. For calculation only, let AD 1 have coordinate 1 and 1 BC coordinate 0. An earlier BC year B then has coordinate 1 − B. The spring 6 BC anchor is therefore −5. The presence of zero on this arithmetic axis does not add a historical year called “AD 0.”

With a scale of s years per band and position n, the opening coordinate is −5 + sn; its closing coordinate is −5 + s(n + 1). Convert the result back to BC/AD labels when displaying a date. For positive coordinates, the number is the AD year. For zero or negative coordinates, the BC label is 1 minus that coordinate.

Opening of #n = −5 + sn
Closing of #n = −5 + s(n + 1)

The equal-month table uses s = 30; the heptad table uses s = 7. The twenty-one-day sequence starts its numbering at 1, so Day #d opens at −5 + (d − 1) and closes at −5 + d. These formulas regenerate every date in the three original arrays below.

Three kinds of comparison

Between matching edges: subtract the position numbers and multiply by the scale. From the opening of #a to the opening of #b, the duration is (b − a)s. The same result holds when comparing their closing edges. From #20 to #68 at the thirty-year scale, the difference is 48 × 30 = 1,440 years.

Across complete bands: include the width of the final band. From the opening of #a to the closing of #b, the duration is (b − a + 1)s. Thus the twelve complete bowl bands #69–80 have a width of 360 years, even though their first and last openings are only eleven steps, or 330 years, apart.

From an external anchor: state the target edge. The initial presentation generally used closing edges for external comparisons, with stated exceptions for foundational and culminating bands. Here every calculation identifies the edge directly, so the result does not depend on remembering a general rule and its exceptions.

Across the BC/AD boundary, the elapsed-year formula is B + A − 1. Within BC, subtract the later BC label from the earlier one; within AD, subtract the earlier AD label from the later. Seasonal events require an additional qualification: year-coordinate arithmetic cannot establish an exact anniversary when the starting event occurred in summer and the target is a spring boundary.

B. Complete thirty-year table

The original month rows and seven column assignments are retained. “Yr” labels a schematic year of twelve token-months, equivalent to 360 historical years in this model. The initial argument uses #0–80 and ends with Kislev of the seventh column. The starred #81 is the later closing extension developed in Part 4.

MonthsYr 1Yr 2Yr 3Yr 4Yr 5Yr 6Yr 7
Nisan (1)#0 (6 BC – AD 25)#12 (AD 355 – 385)#24 (AD 715 – 745)#36 (AD 1075 – 1105)#48 (AD 1435 – 1465)#60 (AD 1795 – 1825)#72 (AD 2155 – 2185)
Iyar (2)#1 (AD 25 – 55)#13 (AD 385 – 415)#25 (AD 745 – 775)#37 (AD 1105 – 1135)#49 (AD 1465 – 1495)#61 (AD 1825 – 1855)#73 (AD 2185 – 2215)
Sivan (3)#2 (AD 55 – 85)#14 (AD 415 – 445)#26 (AD 775 – 805)#38 (AD 1135 – 1165)#50 (AD 1495 – 1525)#62 (AD 1855 – 1885)#74 (AD 2215 – 2245)
Tammuz (4)#3 (AD 85 – 115)#15 (AD 445 – 475)#27 (AD 805 – 835)#39 (AD 1165 – 1195)#51 (AD 1525 – 1555)#63 (AD 1885 – 1915)#75 (AD 2245 – 2275)
Av (5)#4 (AD 115 – 145)#16 (AD 475 – 505)#28 (AD 835 – 865)#40 (AD 1195 – 1225)#52 (AD 1555 – 1585)#64 (AD 1915 – 1945)#76 (AD 2275 – 2305)
Elul (6)#5 (AD 145 – 175)#17 (AD 505 – 535)#29 (AD 865 – 895)#41 (AD 1225 – 1255)#53 (AD 1585 – 1615)#65 (AD 1945 – 1975)#77 (AD 2305 – 2335)
Tishrei (7)#6 (AD 175 – 205)#18 (AD 535 – 565)#30 (AD 895 – 925)#42 (AD 1255 – 1285)#54 (AD 1615 – 1645)#66 (AD 1975 – 2005)#78 (AD 2335 – 2365)
Cheshvan(8)#7 (AD 205 – 235)#19 (AD 565 – 595)#31 (AD 925 – 955)#43 (AD 1285 – 1315)#55 (AD 1645 – 1675)#67 (AD 2005 – 2035)#79 (AD 2365 – 2395)
Kislev (9)#8 (AD 235 – 265)#20 (AD 595 – 625)#32 (AD 955 – 985)#44 (AD 1315 – 1345)#56 (AD 1675 – 1705)#68 (AD 2035 – 2065)#80 (AD 2395 – 2425)
Tevet (10)#9 (AD 265 – 295)#21 (AD 625 – 655)#33 (AD 985 – 1015)#45 (AD 1345 – 1375)#57 (AD 1705 – 1735)#69 (AD 2065 – 2095)*#81 (AD 2425 – 2455)
Shevat (11)#10 (AD 295 – 325)#22 (AD 655 – 685)#34 (AD 1015 – 1045)#46 (AD 1375 – 1405)#58 (AD 1735 – 1765)#70 (AD 2095 – 2125)
Adar (12)#11 (AD 325 – 355)#23 (AD 685 – 715)#35 (AD 1045 – 1075)#47 (AD 1405 – 1435)#59 (AD 1765 – 1795)#71 (AD 2125 – 2155)
Original table assignments, including the starred later extension. All bands are spring to spring.

The full initial width is 81 × 30 = 2,430 years, ending in AD 2425. Including the closing #81 band gives 82 × 30 = 2,460 years, ending in AD 2455. Neither calculation changes the eighty-word inventory.

C. Complete seven-year table

Thirteen heptads make one ninety-one-year column. The column arrangement reflects a thirteen-week quarter at the scaled level. It preserves the original “Cycle” headings and every date assignment.

Heptad GroupCycle 1Cycle 2Cycle 3Cycle 4Cycle 5Cycle 6Cycle 7
Heptad 1#0 (6 BC – AD 2)#13 (AD 86 – 93)#26 (AD 177 – 184)#39 (AD 268 – 275)#52 (AD 359 – 366)#65 (AD 450 – 457)#78 (AD 541 – 548)
Heptad 2#1 (AD 2 – 9)#14 (AD 93 – 100)#27 (AD 184 – 191)#40 (AD 275 – 282)#53 (AD 366 – 373)#66 (AD 457 – 464)#79 (AD 548 – 555)
Heptad 3#2 (AD 9 – 16)#15 (AD 100 – 107)#28 (AD 191 – 198)#41 (AD 282 – 289)#54 (AD 373 – 380)#67 (AD 464 – 471)#80 (AD 555 – 562)
Heptad 4#3 (AD 16 – 23)#16 (AD 107 – 114)#29 (AD 198 – 205)#42 (AD 289 – 296)#55 (AD 380 – 387)#68 (AD 471 – 478)*#81 (AD 562 – 569)
Heptad 5#4 (AD 23 – 30)#17 (AD 114 – 121)#30 (AD 205 – 212)#43 (AD 296 – 303)#56 (AD 387 – 394)#69 (AD 478 – 485)
Heptad 6#5 (AD 30 – 37)#18 (AD 121 – 128)#31 (AD 212 – 219)#44 (AD 303 – 310)#57 (AD 394 – 401)#70 (AD 485 – 492)
Heptad 7#6 (AD 37 – 44)#19 (AD 128 – 135)#32 (AD 219 – 226)#45 (AD 310 – 317)#58 (AD 401 – 408)#71 (AD 492 – 499)
Heptad 8#7 (AD 44 – 51)#20 (AD 135 – 142)#33 (AD 226 – 233)#46 (AD 317 – 324)#59 (AD 408 – 415)#72 (AD 499 – 506)
Heptad 9#8 (AD 51 – 58)#21 (AD 142 – 149)#34 (AD 233 – 240)#47 (AD 324 – 331)#60 (AD 415 – 422)#73 (AD 506 – 513)
Heptad 10#9 (AD 58 – 65)#22 (AD 149 – 156)#35 (AD 240 – 247)#48 (AD 331 – 338)#61 (AD 422 – 429)#74 (AD 513 – 520)
Heptad 11#10 (AD 65 – 72)#23 (AD 156 – 163)#36 (AD 247 – 254)#49 (AD 338 – 345)#62 (AD 429 – 436)#75 (AD 520 – 527)
Heptad 12#11 (AD 72 – 79)#24 (AD 163 – 170)#37 (AD 254 – 261)#50 (AD 345 – 352)#63 (AD 436 – 443)#76 (AD 527 – 534)
Heptad 13#12 (AD 79 – 86)#25 (AD 170 – 177)#38 (AD 261 – 268)#51 (AD 352 – 359)#64 (AD 443 – 450)#77 (AD 534 – 541)
Original heptad assignments. The starred #81 is the later closing extension.

The initial #0–80 span is 567 years, ending in AD 562. Adding the starred closing position makes 574 years and ends in AD 569. The #80 band remains AD 555–562 in both displays.

D. Complete twenty-one-year table

These are the twenty-one “day” occurrences indexed in Part 1. Their ordinal numbers and annual bands remain unchanged. The symbolic weekday rows describe positions in the grid, not historical weekdays of annual anniversaries.

Day of Week (Symbolic)Week 1 (of Years)Week 2 (of Years)Week 3 (of Years)
Day 1Day #1 (6 BC – 5 BC)Day #8 (AD 2 – AD 3)Day #15 (AD 9 – AD 10)
Day 2Day #2 (5 BC – 4 BC)Day #9 (AD 3 – AD 4)Day #16 (AD 10 – AD 11)
Day 3Day #3 (4 BC – 3 BC)Day #10 (AD 4 – AD 5)Day #17 (AD 11 – AD 12)
Day 4Day #4 (3 BC – 2 BC)Day #11 (AD 5 – AD 6)Day #18 (AD 12 – AD 13)
Day 5Day #5 (2 BC – 1 BC)Day #12 (AD 6 – AD 7)Day #19 (AD 13 – AD 14)
Day 6Day #6 (1 BC – AD 1)Day #13 (AD 7 – AD 8)Day #20 (AD 14 – AD 15)
Day 7Day #7 (AD 1 – AD 2)Day #14 (AD 8 – AD 9)Day #21 (AD 15 – AD 16)
Original twenty-one annual bands, with the no-year-zero crossing intact.

The first band begins in 6 BC; the last ends in AD 16. Day #6, 1 BC–AD 1, contains one elapsed year. This is the clearest place to see why a no-year-zero conversion is necessary.

E. Complete occurrence key

The following table retains both original index columns, all eighty references, all group totals, and the source’s morphology codes. “N/A” marks a thunder occurrence absent from the shorter sequence. The trumpet nouns precede the trumpet verbs, following the established grouping. The opening and closing rows identify conceptual positions and are not Greek occurrences added to the count.

Descriptions summarize the settings; they are not translations of entire verses. Two descriptions have been clarified: #3 concerns the angels of the seven churches in Revelation 1:20, and #35 refers to the 144,000 in Revelation 7:4. These wording corrections leave the references, morphology entries, and counts intact. The original shorthand for the Greek editions is not treated as evidence of a new collation.

Overall No. (Excl. Thunders)Overall No. (Incl. Thunders)VerseKeyword GroupTypeAction/EventMorphology code (source)Source List Item No.
00Jesus “FIRST and last”0
11Revelation 1:4ChurchesNounTo the seven churches in AsiaN-DFP1
22Revelation 1:11ChurchesNounWrite to the seven churchesN-DFP2
33Revelation 1:20ChurchesNounThe seven stars are the angels of the seven churchesN-GFP3
44Revelation 1:20ChurchesNounThe seven lampstands are the seven churchesN-NFP4
55Revelation 2:1ChurchesNounTo the angel of the church in EphesusN-GFS5
66Revelation 2:7ChurchesNounThe Spirit says to the churchesN-DFP6
77Revelation 2:8ChurchesNounTo the angel of the church in SmyrnaN-GFS7
88Revelation 2:11ChurchesNounThe Spirit says to the churchesN-DFP8
99Revelation 2:12ChurchesNounTo the angel of the church in PergamumN-GFS9
1010Revelation 2:17ChurchesNounThe Spirit says to the churchesN-DFP10
1111Revelation 2:18ChurchesNounTo the angel of the church in ThyatiraN-GFS11
1212Revelation 2:23ChurchesNounAll the churches will knowN-NFP12
1313Revelation 2:29ChurchesNounThe Spirit says to the churchesN-DFP13
1414Revelation 3:1ChurchesNounTo the angel of the church in SardisN-GFS14
1515Revelation 3:6ChurchesNounThe Spirit says to the churchesN-DFP15
1616Revelation 3:7ChurchesNounTo the angel of the church in PhiladelphiaN-GFS16
1717Revelation 3:13ChurchesNounThe Spirit says to the churchesN-DFP17
1818Revelation 3:14ChurchesNounTo the angel of the church in LaodiceaN-GFS18
1919Revelation 3:22ChurchesNounThe Spirit says to the churchesN-DFP19
2020Revelation 22:16ChurchesNounJesus testifies these things to the churchesN-DFP20
2121Revelation 5:1SealsVerb+Having been sealed (perfect passive participle)V-RPM/P-ANS1
2222Revelation 5:1SealsNounSealed with seven sealsN-DFP2
2323Revelation 5:2SealsNounTo break the sealsN-AFP3
2424Revelation 5:5SealsNounThe seven seals of itN-AFP4
2525Revelation 5:9SealsNounTo open the sealsN-AFP5
2626Revelation 6:1SealsNounOne of the seven sealsN-GFP6
2727Revelation 6:3SealsNounOpened the second sealN-AFS7
2828Revelation 6:5SealsNounOpened the third sealN-AFS8
2929Revelation 6:7SealsNounOpened the fourth sealN-AFS9
3030Revelation 6:9SealsNounOpened the fifth sealN-AFS10
3131Revelation 6:12SealsNounOpened the sixth sealN-AFS11
3232Revelation 7:2SealsNounHaving the seal of GodN-AFS12
3333Revelation 7:3SealsVerbUntil we seal the servantsV-ASA-1P13
3434Revelation 7:4SealsVerbOf those who were sealed (participle)V-RPM/P-GMP14
3535Revelation 7:4SealsVerbThe 144,000 who were sealedV-RPM/P-NMP15
3636Revelation 7:5SealsVerbTwelve thousand sealed from tribeV-RPM/P-NMP16
3737Revelation 7:8SealsVerbTwelve thousand sealedV-RPM/P-NMP17
3838Revelation 8:1SealsNounOpened the seventh sealN-AFS18
3939Revelation 9:4SealsNounDo not have the seal of GodN-AFS19
4040Revelation 10:4SealsVerbSeal up the things which were spokenV-AMA-2S20
4141Revelation 20:3SealsVerbSealed over himV-AIA-3S21
4242Revelation 22:10SealsVerbDo not seal the wordsV-ASA-2S22
N/A43Revelation 4:5ThundersNounVoices and thunders and seven lampsN-NFP1
N/A44Revelation 6:1ThundersNounAs a voice of thunderN-GFS2
N/A45Revelation 8:5ThundersNounThere were thunders and voicesN-NFP3
N/A46Revelation 10:3ThundersNounThe seven thunders uttered their voicesN-NFP4
N/A47Revelation 10:4ThundersNounThe seven thunders were about to speakN-NFP5
N/A48Revelation 10:4ThundersNounThe seven thunders had spokenN-NFP6
N/A49Revelation 11:19ThundersNounVoices and thunders and an earthquakeN-NFP7
N/A50Revelation 14:2ThundersNounAs the voice of great thunderN-GFS8
N/A51Revelation 16:18ThundersNounVoices and thunders and an earthquakeN-NFP9
N/A52Revelation 19:6ThundersNounAs the voice of mighty thundersN-GFP10
4353Revelation 1:10TrumpetsNounVoice like a trumpetN-GFS1
4454Revelation 4:1TrumpetsNounVoice like a trumpet speakingN-GFS2
4555Revelation 8:2TrumpetsNounSeven trumpets givenN-NFP3
4656Revelation 8:6TrumpetsNounSeven trumpets preparedN-AFP4
4757Revelation 8:13TrumpetsNounVoices of the trumpet of the threeN-GFS5
4858Revelation 9:14TrumpetsNounAngel with the trumpetN-AFS6
4959Revelation 8:6TrumpetsVerbThey prepared to soundV-ASA-3P7
5060Revelation 8:7TrumpetsVerbFirst angel soundedV-AIA-3S8
5161Revelation 8:8TrumpetsVerbSecond angel soundedV-AIA-3S9
5262Revelation 8:10TrumpetsVerbThird angel soundedV-AIA-3S10
5363Revelation 8:12TrumpetsVerbFourth angel soundedV-AIA-3S11
5464Revelation 8:13TrumpetsVerbAngels about to soundV-PNA12
5565Revelation 9:1TrumpetsVerbFifth angel soundedV-AIA-3S13
5666Revelation 9:13TrumpetsVerbSixth angel soundedV-AIA-3S14
5767Revelation 10:7TrumpetsVerbHe is about to soundV-PNA15
5868Revelation 11:15TrumpetsVerbSeventh angel soundedV-AIA-3S16
5969Revelation 5:8BowlsNounGolden bowls full of incenseN-AFP1
6070Revelation 15:7BowlsNounSeven golden bowls full of God’s wrathN-AFP2
6171Revelation 16:1BowlsNounThe seven bowls of wrath commandedN-AFP3
6272Revelation 16:2BowlsNounFirst angel poured out his bowl on the earthN-AFS4
6373Revelation 16:3BowlsNounSecond angel poured out his bowl into the seaN-AFS5
6474Revelation 16:4BowlsNounThird angel poured out his bowl on riversN-AFS6
6575Revelation 16:8BowlsNounFourth angel poured out his bowl on the sunN-AFS7
6676Revelation 16:10BowlsNounFifth angel poured out his bowl on the throneN-AFS8
6777Revelation 16:12BowlsNounSixth angel poured out his bowl on the EuphratesN-AFS9
6878Revelation 16:17BowlsNounSeventh angel poured out his bowl into the airN-AFS10
6979Revelation 17:1BowlsNounAngel with one of the seven bowls speaksN-AFP11
7080Revelation 21:9BowlsNounAngel with seven bowls full of last plaguesN-AFP12
*71*81Rev 22Jesus “First and LAST“1
Original numbering, references, groups, and morphology codes retained. Bookend rows are conceptual. Descriptions are summaries; two are clarified as noted above.

Revelation 1:19 distinguishes what John has seen, what is, and what is to take place afterward. This gives a literary reason to begin with the churches addressed in the opening chapters. It does not itself prescribe this entire grouped index or the lengths assigned to its positions. The detailed lexical discussion remains in Part 2.

F. Chronological anchors and their roles

These are the dates adopted for the comparisons. A date generated within the model is distinguished from a date used as an external chronological anchor. Retaining the framework does not require presenting every BC assignment as an independently established historical consensus.

Date or bandRoleQualification
2166 BCAbraham’s birthAdopted chronological anchor; Genesis 21:5 gives his age at Isaac’s birth.
2156 BCSarah’s birthTen-year age difference in Genesis 17:17; adopted BC assignment.
2091 BCAbraham’s call/departure at age 75Genesis 12:4; 2166 − 75 = 2091 within this chronology.
2006 BCJacob’s birthIsaac is sixty in Genesis 25:26; adopted BC assignment.
1876 BCIsrael’s entry into EgyptOpening of the normal 430-year Egypt interval used here.
1446 BCExodusAdopted spring anchor; related to the 480-year statement in 1 Kings 6:1 and the chosen temple chronology.
967/966 BCTemple-foundation reference in the underlying chronologyAlternative dating labels mentioned in the original anchor discussion; the fixed Exodus coordinate remains 1446 BC.
1445 BCTabernacle set upSecond year, first month, first day: Exodus 40:17.
1406–1399 BCEntry, conquest, and initial land restSeven-year band used throughout this comparison; 1406 is the entry anchor.
586 BCFirst Temple destruction coordinateThe summer event is represented by an annual coordinate; no exact spring anniversary is claimed.
586–516 BCTemple-restoration comparisonSeventy-year span under the adopted assignments; Zechariah 1:12; 7:5; Ezra 6:15.
Spring 6 BCOpening of #0; opening of Day #1The common chosen origin; associated with the nativity in this research.
AD 30 / AD 33Passion alternativesBoth fit within monthly #1 (AD 25–55); neither is derived by this table.
AD 65–72Band containing the destruction in AD 70An assigned seven-year frame, not the event’s start and finish.
AD 66–73/74; AD 67–70Broader war and Jerusalem ranges mentioned in the sourceContextual ranges from the original discussion; neither replaces the 65–72 band used in the equations.
AD 24 / shifted AD 29Additional ministry/Jubilee calibrationUsed conditionally for the 49² comparison; not established by Luke 4.
1405 BCAlternative coordinate in the 19-year calculationPreserved numerically; not identified as the end of the 1406–1399 conquest/rest band.

The 430-year Egypt interval is 1876–1446 BC. Genesis 15:13 supplies the related four-hundred-year language; Exodus 12:40–41 supplies the 430-year sojourn. Their distinct numbers are retained. The alternative sojourn reckonings discussed elsewhere on the website are not substituted into these calculations.

Zechariah 1:12 and 7:5 refer to seventy years in the setting of the early restoration community. The 586–516 BC comparison is a temple-restoration span within the adopted chronology. It is considered separately from Jeremiah’s seventy-year language about Babylon and the nations (Jeremiah 25:11–12; 29:10). It should not make Zechariah’s prayers themselves statements delivered at the completed temple’s date. Ezra 6:15 locates the completion in the sixth year of Darius.

G. The calculation ledger

The tables below collect the original numerical proposals with a consistent endpoint vocabulary. All results follow the no-year-zero rule. A comparison can be arithmetically correct while its historical or thematic identification remains conditional.

Thirty-year bands: external anchors

ComparisonEndpointsElapsed years and formEdge or condition
Egypt entry to #801876 BC → AD 24254,300 = 10 × 430Closing edge
Exodus to #801446 BC → AD 24253,870 = 9 × 430 = 3 × 1,290Closing edge
586 BC coordinate to #80586 BC → AD 24253,010 = 7 × 430Closing edge; Year-coordinate comparison; seasonal offset retained
Proposed AD 24 calibrationAD 24 → AD 24252,401 = 49²Closing edge of #80; Additional ministry calibration, not established by the verse
Five-year-shifted calibrationAD 29 → AD 24302,401 = 49²Shifted closing edge; Both endpoints move five years
Exodus to #801446 BC → AD 23953,840 = 1,290 + 1,260 + 1,290Opening edge
Retained original 1405 BC comparison1405 BC → AD 23953,799 = 3,800 − 1Opening edge of #80; Original claim of 3,800 corrected; not the post-conquest rest date
Separate comparison from established entry anchor1406 BC → AD 23953,800 = 200 × 19Opening edge of #80; A different starting point; not substituted into the retained 1405 comparison
Abraham’s birth to #02166 BC → 6 BC2,160 = 6 × 360Opening edge
Sarah’s birth to #02156 BC → 6 BC2,150 = 5 × 430Opening edge; Half of 4,300 as a length
Abraham’s birth to #12166 BC → AD 252,190 = 2,160 + 30Opening edge
Exodus to #11446 BC → AD 251,470 = 3 × 490Opening edge
Exodus to #11446 BC → AD 551,500 = 3 × 500Closing edge
Exodus to #371446 BC → AD 11352,580 = 2 × 1,290Closing edge; #37 opens in AD 1105

Thirty-year bands: internal structure

ComparisonEndpointsElapsed years and formEdges measured
#0 → #16 BC → AD 2530 = 1 × 30Opening to opening
#0 → #426 BC → AD 12551,260 = 42 × 30Opening to opening
#0 → #436 BC → AD 12851,290 = 43 × 30Opening to opening
#1 → #43AD 25 → AD 12851,260 = 42 × 30Opening to opening
#20 → #68AD 595 → AD 20351,440 = 48 × 30 = 4 × 360Opening to opening
#20 → #80AD 595 → AD 23951,800 = 60 × 30 = 5 × 360Opening to opening
#38 → #80AD 1135 → AD 23951,260 = 42 × 30Opening to opening
#68 → #80AD 2035 → AD 2395360 = 12 × 30Opening to opening
All twelve bowl bands #69–80AD 2065 → AD 2425360 = 12 × 30Opening of #69 to closing of #80
First and last bowl openingsAD 2065 → AD 2395330 = 11 × 30Opening of #69 to opening of #80
First and last openings #0–806 BC → AD 23952,400 = 80 × 30Opening to opening
All bands #0–806 BC → AD 24252,430 = 81 × 30 = 27 × 90Opening of #0 to closing of #80
Expanded bands #0–816 BC → AD 24552,460 = 82 × 30Opening of #0 to closing of #81

Seven-year bands and their earlier counterparts

ComparisonEndpointsElapsed years and formEdges measured
Exodus band: first edges1446 BC → AD 5552,000 = 4 × 500Opening to opening
Exodus band: final edges1439 BC → AD 5622,000 = 4 × 500Closing to closing
Conquest/rest band: first edges1406 BC → AD 5551,960 = 4 × 490Opening to opening
Conquest/rest band: final edges1399 BC → AD 5621,960 = 4 × 490Closing to closing
AD 65–72 band: first edgesAD 65 → AD 555490 = 70 × 7Opening to opening
AD 65–72 band: final edgesAD 72 → AD 562490 = 70 × 7Closing to closing
Exodus to opening #01446 BC → 6 BC1,440 = 4 × 360Opening edge of #0
Conquest to opening #01406 BC → 6 BC1,400 = LCM(40, 70, 100)Opening edge of #0
Abraham’s birth to opening #02166 BC → 6 BC2,160 = 6 × 360Opening edge of #0
Sarah’s birth to opening #02156 BC → 6 BC2,150 = 5 × 430Opening edge of #0
Jacob’s birth to opening #02006 BC → 6 BC2,000 = 5 × 400 = 50 × 40Opening edge of #0
All bands #0–806 BC → AD 562567 = 81 × 7Opening of #0 to closing of #80
Expanded bands #0–816 BC → AD 569574 = 82 × 7Opening of #0 to closing of #81

The displaced seven-year bands preserve both edges. For example, 1406 BC → AD 555 and 1399 BC → AD 562 are each 1,960 years. By contrast, 1406 BC → AD 562 is 1,967 years. The latter does not become 1,960 by an inclusive-count convention.

Annual sequence and relations between scales

ComparisonEndpointsElapsed years and formEdges or conditions
Complete annual sequence6 BC → AD 1621 = 21 × 1Opening of Day #1 to closing of Day #21
Tabernacle to annual endpoint1445 BC → AD 161,460 = Schematic Julian-year side of the Sothic comparisonClosing edge; Not a verified Sirius phase alignment
Annual endpoint to heptad endpointAD 16 → AD 562546 = 1½ × 364Both final edges
Annual endpoint to opening #80AD 16 → AD 555539 = 11 × 49 = 77 × 7Closing annual edge to opening heptad edge
Alternative Nisan origin to AD 161 BC → AD 1616 = 16 elapsed unitsAD 16 opens unit 17; Separate ordinal overlay
End of weekly #0 to adjusted monthly endAD 2 → AD 24522,450 = 5 × 490Both closing edges
Weekly end to adjusted monthly endAD 562 → AD 24521,890 = 70 × 27Both closing edges
Opening anchor to adjusted Kislev 256 BC → AD 24452,450 = 50 × 49 = 5 × 490Both opening edges

These cross-scale differences arise from a common origin. In particular, 81 × 7 − 21 = 546 and 80 × 7 − 21 = 539. Their numerical forms are exact; their interpretation in terms of the calendar and Jubilee remains the subject of the study.

H. Comparisons that need an additional distinction

Which midpoint?

There are several possible meanings of “middle.” They give different answers because some treat the numbered positions as points while others include the complete width of every band.

Meaning of middleLocationReason
Ordinal center of labels #0–80Position #40Forty labels before it and forty after it.
Midpoint between opening #0 and opening #80AD 1195Half of 2,400 years; the opening of #40.
Midpoint of all 81 complete monthly bandsAD 1210Half of 2,430 years; inside #40 (AD 1195–1225).
Boundary between #40 and #41AD 1225Forty-one complete thirty-year bands after the origin.
Midpoint of all 82 monthly bands, including #81AD 1225Half of 2,460 years; the #40/#41 boundary.

In the initial eighty-one-band array, #40 is both the ordinal central band and the band containing the temporal midpoint. The #40/#41 boundary becomes the exact temporal midpoint only after the closing #81 band is included. The interpretation may still compare the sealing of the thunders with the sealing of the abyss; it should locate those scenes accurately before developing their symbolism.

The full 2,430-year span can be written 27 × 90 or 3⁴ × 30. Its half is 1,215 years. These numerical forms motivate the proposed contrast between completion and limitation. Revelation 20 itself distinguishes the first resurrection, the remaining dead, and judgment; dividing a calculated span does not establish a new chronology for those events.

Half a length is not necessarily a midpoint

Sarah’s birth to the opening anchor is 2156 − 6 = 2,150 years. Israel’s entry into Egypt to the end of the monthly array is 1876 + 2425 − 1 = 4,300 years. Thus the first length is half the second. Their starting points differ, however. From 1876 BC to 6 BC are only 1,870 years; from 6 BC to AD 2425 are 2,430. The midpoint of that particular 4,300-year interval is AD 275, not 6 BC. The valid comparison is the shared 430-year measure and the ratio of the two lengths.

The 49² proposal and the ministry calibration

AD 2425 − AD 24 = 2,401 = 49 × 49. The arithmetic is retained as a “Jubilee of Jubilees” comparison. AD 24 is one year before the opening of #1 in the default monthly table. Luke 4:16–21 provides the proclamation of release and the year of the Lord’s favor, but it does not assign that proclamation the civil year AD 24. The numerical alignment therefore requires the additional AD 24 calibration; the table and Gospel reference do not establish it independently.

Under the alternative five-year shift, the corresponding relation becomes AD 29 → AD 2430 = 2,401. This preserves the distance because both endpoints move by five years. It does not select either AD 24 or AD 29 as the historical date merely by preserving the equation.

The original conclusion grouped 2,401 with multiples of 490. Its correct form is 49², not an integer multiple of 490. By contrast, 1,470, 1,960, and 2,450 are respectively three, four, and five times 490. These distinct numerical forms remain available without treating them as the same operation.

The 1405 BC coordinate and the nineteen-year comparison

The original 1405 BC → AD 2395 comparison was assigned 3,800 years, or 200 × 19. Its actual elapsed length is 1405 + 2395 − 1 = 3,799 years. The coordinate pair is retained, but the claimed equality needs that arithmetic correction. The same discussion called 1405 BC the rest following an initial six-year conquest. That identification cannot follow from entry in 1406 BC and a conquest/rest band of 1406–1399 BC.

A separate calculation from the established 1406 BC entry anchor to AD 2395 does give 3,800 years. This is an entry-to-coordinate comparison; it does not validate the original 1405 BC calculation or make 1406 BC the completion of the conquest. No date in the monthly table is moved to obtain it.

Censorinus describes the Metonic cycle as nineteen years with seven intercalations (De die natali 18.8); nineteen ordinary twelve-month years plus seven months give 235 months. NASA’s eclipse-period table likewise lists 235 lunations as approximately nineteen years. The comparison is with that calendrical ratio. Multiplying nineteen years by two hundred does not by itself establish an exact recurrence of every solar, lunar, or seasonal condition at the two chosen dates.

A five-year translation and a second festival overlay

Moving the entire monthly array five years later changes the opening from 6 BC to 1 BC. In the arithmetic coordinates, its origin changes from −5 to 0. The first two bands become 1 BC–AD 30 and AD 30–60; #80 becomes AD 2400–2430. Every internal interval is preserved. A relation to an external anchor held fixed, such as 1446 BC, changes by five years.

This shift should be distinguished from keeping AD 16 fixed and giving it a second Nisan label. In the original twenty-one-year array, AD 15–16 is Day #21 and AD 16 completes the twenty-first unit. Starting a separate ordinal overlay at 1 BC places AD 16 at the opening of its seventeenth unit. Shifting the entire twenty-one-year array five years later would instead make it end in AD 21.

The labels “lunar” or “Talmudic” do not independently date such an origin to 1 BC. The alternative is an origin chosen for this model. Its firstfruits associations should also retain Part 1’s distinction between a fixed Nisan 16 and a Sunday reckoning whose Nisan date varies.

The 1,460-year sanctuary comparison

With the tabernacle assigned to 1445 BC, the calculation to AD 16 is 1445 + 16 − 1 = 1,460 years. Exodus 40:17 supplies the first-month, first-day, second-year setting. The BC assignment comes from the Exodus chronology used here.

Censorinus describes the Egyptian civil year as 365 days without intercalation and its Sothic return in the 1,461-year reckoning (De die natali 18.10). The idealized equality is:

1,460 × 365.25 days = 1,461 × 365 days = 533,265 days

Thus the comparison uses 1,460 Julian years and 1,461 Egyptian civil years. The two year counts are not interchangeable. The sanctuary-to-AD-16 interval matches the former length; identifying those endpoints with observed heliacal risings of Sirius would require separate evidence. No such observed phase alignment is assumed here.

I. The thirty, thirty, thirty-one variation

The equal-month table assigns thirty years to every band. The variation gives each third band thirty-one years, producing a repeated thirty, thirty, thirty-one pattern. The four added days and ninety-one-day seasonal reckoning are described in 1 Enoch 82:4–6, 11, 15. Mapping those days onto years is the additional scaling operation used here.

Before position n, the completed extra quarter-ending units number the whole-number part of n/3. Its opening coordinate is consequently −5 + 30n + floor(n/3). For #80 that gives −5 + 2400 + 26 = AD 2421. Its closing edge is calculated with n = 81 and gives −5 + 2430 + 27 = AD 2452.

FeatureEqual thirty-year bandsQuarter-adjusted bands
Complete width, #0–802,430 years2,457 years
Additional units in that width027: one for each completed quarter
Beginning of #80AD 2395AD 2421
End of #80AD 2425AD 2452
Width of #8030 years31 years
The variant changes elapsed widths according to a fixed pattern. It preserves position numbers and lexical counts.

The adjusted span can also be written six complete 364-year columns plus three ninety-one-year quarters: 6 × 364 + 3 × 91 = 2,457. In the last column, Kislev 25 opens twenty-four units after the opening of #80: AD 2421 + 24 = AD 2445. Its band is AD 2445–2446. Kislev 31 occupies AD 2451–2452; Tevet 1 occupies AD 2452–2453.

With a thirty-one-unit Kislev, days 25–31 provide seven inclusive positions and Tevet 1 provides the eighth. This supports the proposed Dedication-to-winter transition within this particular display. It should not be generalized to every historical form of the Jewish calendar, in which the month-length assumptions differ.

The exact relations are AD 2 → AD 2452 = 2,450 = 5 × 490; AD 562 → AD 2452 = 1,890 = 70 × 27; and 6 BC → AD 2445 = 2,450 = 50 × 49. The first uses the end of seven-year #0, the second the end of seven-year #80, and the third the beginning of the assigned Kislev 25 band. Stating those edges is essential to reproducing the results.

J. Numerical vocabulary used in the proposal

The following associations collect the numerical vocabulary of the original discussion. They describe the roles a number plays in this reading. They are not universal definitions of every biblical occurrence of that number.

NumberTextual or interpretive settingUse in this study
3½Time, times, and half a time; Revelation 12:14; Daniel 7:25A half-week relation; compared with 1,260 days and forty-two months.
7Creation, Sabbath, and sevenfold sequencesThe unit used for a week or a seven-year band.
10Completeness and testing in selected biblical settingsTen 430-year spans; the ten thunder occurrences remain lexical data.
12Tribes, apostles, and monthly fruitTwelve bowls; twelve month-like units make a schematic year.
40Wilderness/testing periods; Numbers 14:34A generational measure in the 1,400 and 2,000 comparisons.
42Months of testimony or authority in Revelation 11–1342 × 30 = 1,260.
70Exile/restoration and the seventy weeks; Psalm 90:10 gives a lifespan comparisonSeventy lexical occurrences when thunders are omitted.
80 / 81Psalm 90:10 supplies the eighty-year lifespan comparison; 81 = 9²Eighty lexical occurrences; eighty-one bands only after the opening is added.
360Twelve schematic thirty-day monthsA 360-year “great year” after scaling; a defined unit here.
364The year and four added days in 1 Enoch 8252 × 7; four quarters of 91.
400Genesis 15:13Five such lengths from Jacob’s adopted birth date to 6 BC.
430Exodus 12:40–41The shared measure in the 2,150-, 3,010-, 3,870-, and 4,300-year comparisons.
490Seventy seven-year units; Daniel 9:24Ten units of 49; the “Grand Jubilee” terminology used in the study.
500Ten units of 50The alternative Jubilee measure compared with 490; not the same interval.
1,260Revelation 11:3; 12:6Forty-two thirty-day months, scaled here to forty-two thirty-year intervals.
1,290Daniel 12:11Thirty more than 1,260; the proposed additional-month analogy.
1,335Daniel 12:12Retained as related prophetic vocabulary; no new date equation is introduced here.

The sixty-nine- and seventy-based conversion rules developed in Part 4 are further operations. They are not silently applied to the ordinary elapsed-year tables in this appendix. The same is true of reflected dates: a mirror requires a stated axis, while the tables here use a forward chronology from the adopted origin.

K. Sources and limits of the comparison

The lexical inventory, calendar arrays, and proposed long-range correspondences come from this five-part Revelation study. The revision preserves their original numerical data and makes their operations explicit. It is an editorial and arithmetic comparison, not a new critical-edition count of the Greek words.

The selected word groups, their arrangement, the scale, the origin, and the choice of boundary all affect the resulting correspondences. Stating them allows a reader to distinguish arithmetic consequences from the theological argument. The proposal of divine ordering is preserved as an interpretation to be weighed through the whole pattern; no statistical probability has been calculated.

Return to Part 3: Revelation’s Tokens as Scaled Epochs.

Part 3 · Main discussion

Biblical references link to the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain. Table wording is descriptive rather than a continuous quotation. Original lexical counts and calendar assignments have been retained.